Hong Kong, the world's most January 14, 2009
Hong Kong International Airport Hong Kong International Airport is one of the busiest airports in the world, the daily average of about 270 scheduled flights, 31,596 passengers arrival, and from about 130 locations worldwide. 2000, a total of 3,210 million passengers (not including the 1.24 million passengers). The airport handled a total of 2.24 million tonnes of cargo, worth 8,622 billion HK dollars (1,105 billion).
the world's largest airport terminal building
Hong Kong International Airport passenger terminal, covering 550,south indian cooking,000 square meters, length 1.3 km, was included in the 1998 \
2002 Global Airport
2002 the most outstanding outstanding year full cargo airport
the world's largest single air cargo terminal
Super Hong Kong Air Cargo Terminals Limited Terminal One, is the largest single air cargo terminal, it can handle up to 2.1 million tonnes of cargo.
Asia's Best Airline Cathay Pacific selected as 2002 Best Airline in Asia.
the world's latest and one of the youngest fleets
Cathay Pacific's fleet is the world's newest and one of the youngest fleet, the average age of only seven years.
the world's largest aircraft catering kitchen
one of Cathay Pacific Catering Services Ltd. is the world's largest aircraft catering kitchen, one can produce up to 80,000 copies a day of food.
international shipping
total of five Hong Kong's Mass Transit Railway extension, the whole length of 82.4 km, 44 stations, of which 30 were in 14 to 37 meters deep underground. To January 2001, the MTR carried 2.2 million passengers daily average.
* world's busiest underground railway systems in the world
* the world can make money one of two underground railway system
the Kowloon-Canton Railway Kowloon-Canton Railway is the world's busiest cross-border railways in the world, the year 2000, a total of 289 million passenger trips between Lo Wu KCR, Kowloon, New Territories new towns and the city center, carrying 768,000 passengers a day on average.
the world's busiest border crossings
one of the Lo Wu Control Point is the world's busiest border crossings is one of over 8,zero skateboards,650 million passengers in 2000 between Hong Kong via Lo Wu and Shenzhen.
Star Ferry
the most value for money travel sea tourism, is priced at only 2.2 Hong Kong dollars (30 U.S. cents). In 2000, the Star Ferry carrying almost 72,000 passengers a day.
tram
is the world's only double-power team, opened in 1904, drive 16 km length, a total of 161 trams in 2001 to 24 million passengers a day to provide services.
Kowloon Motor Bus Co., Ltd.
the world's largest private franchised bus companies, with 4,320 buses, the daily patronage of 302 million.
transport infrastructure
pedestrian Central to Mid-Levels Escalator
the world's longest covered escalator system, every day for free for the public and visitors to and from Central to Mid-Levels length of 800 meters, can be converted by the 20 one-way direction of the lift and three pedestrian transportation system components, the maximum daily capacity of up to 210,600 people.
red? Harbour Tunnel
the world's busiest four-lane immersed tube tunnel, one of red? Harbour Crossing Kowloon Hung? and Causeway Bay on Hong Kong Island, in 2000 the average daily Nearly 120,350 vehicles use the tunnel car.
Tsing Ma Bridge, the world's longest road and rail suspension bridge, linking Lantau and Kowloon Peninsula, length 2.2 km, 62 meters high from the sea surface, the concrete bridge towers 206 meters high, with The suspension cable wire total length of 160,000 kilometers, structural steel weighing up to 5 million tonnes, Sea some 1,377 meters long, was included in \Community Awards. \Cost of 7.144 billion Hong Kong dollars, which lasted five years completed.
Kap Shui Mun Bridge
the world's longest and largest of the three bridges one tower cable-stayed bridges cable length of 1,177 meters.
global public housing building one of the highest penetration rate of about 600,000, accounting for one third of the overall housing.
the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, the world's and Asia's largest convention and exhibition facilities in a cost of 4.8 billion Hong Kong dollars (6.15 billion U.S. dollars).
skyscraper
world 15 tallest buildings in Hong Kong accounted for 4
* Two International Finance Centre, Central Plaza
*: F 78-story high, 374 meters, completed in 1992
* Bank of China Tower: tall 70 floor, 369 meters, completed in 1989
* The Center: 79-storey level, 350 meters, completed in 1998
the most popular tourist destination city, the total number of visitors in 2001 a new high, up to 1,370 million.
BBC elected: 2002 the world's best cities in the fifth.
BBC selected: world's most popular tourist areas in 2002 the first Nianer place.
the world's most important wetland, one of the northwest of Hong Kong Mai Po and Inner Deep Bay, a total of 1,500 hectares of wetlands in September 1995, was officially listed as \1. Mai Po, Hong Kong's, it is rare in South China's natural ecosystem.
protected country park area ratio highest in the world since the 1970s, nearly 40% of the planned total area of country parks.
one of the world's oldest and largest tree planting and conservation programs. As of 2000/2001, Hong Kong's country parks, planted 643,044 trees around the country parks as many as 1,110 million people, and more than 235,000 people who were involved in the Country Park to be held in the conservation education activities.
the world's largest non-profit Jockey Club, Hong Kong Jockey Club will be incorporated into the \
the world's largest LED Racecourse (LED) large screen, the Hong Kong Jockey Club Happy Valley Racecourse in 2001 installed a height of 8 meters, 35 meters wide, covering an area equivalent to about 2,000 Department of 21? TV.
largest hotel murals, Island Shangri-La Hotel one called \
the world's largest bronze Buddha statue Buddha statue at Po Lin Monastery
next to start in 1990, in December 1993 opening of Buddha 26 meters high and weighs 220 tonnes, sitting on the 268 level of the stone steps on the solemn sitting of the Buddha, almost regardless of a distance, look, \
one of the world's largest marine park, Ocean Park Hong Kong covers an area of 170 acres.
order
the lowest crime rate cities in the world, in January 2002 figures show 10 people occurred 1,084.5 crime.
world's first independent body established to combat corruption in the city, even by the United Nations award in 2001.
the world of international relations with foreign consulates in most cities, the existing presence of the consulate around 91.
Education and Culture
global free education one of the highest penetration rate.
the highest prevalence of global education city, from 2000 to 2001 school year, approximately 1.3 million students to study from kindergarten to tertiary institutions of formal education, representing about 20% of the total population, and there are 552,160 people in spare continuing education.
average daily rate was highest in the world the newspaper, \
film output fourth globally in 2000, Hong Kong, second only to India, the United States and Japan, to calculate per capita output is highest in the world.
Chinese programming highest in the world, TVB produced more than 15,000 hours of programming, through the Jade and Pearl both Chinese and English channels, free delivery to Hong Kong more than 2.05 million households.
the world's largest professional Chinese Orchestra, the Orchestra has a total membership of 85, playing all kinds of traditional and modern Chinese musical instruments.
the world's largest fruit import region.
entrance region the world's largest shark fin.
health and medical
global free health care system one of the highest rates
global average life expectancy of one of the longest, the United Nations \Hong Kong, average male life expectancy was 76.7 years and for women 82.2 years.
global infant mortality rate of the lowest cities in 2000, per 1,000 births, only 2.9 died.
business and economic
attract foreign direct investment in Asia, the largest region, the United Nations Commission on Trade and Development published the \dollar, beyond the mainland of China.
world's freest economy by the Heritage Foundation and the \
the world's most competitive business environments, the Harvard Institute for International Development, the World Economic Forum, the International Institute for Management Development, and the \business environments.
representative offices of international banks worldwide one of the largest, in the end of September 2001, there were 149 licensed banks, 48 restricted license banks and 55 deposit-taking companies. Representative offices of foreign banks in Hong Kong a total of 114.
clothing, textiles, clocks, jewelry, shoes and other goods exports, ranks second.
printing ranks fourth; second in Asia after Japan.
advertising expenditure per capita, the highest in Asia 2000, Hong Kong's total expenditure on advertising reached 3.538 billion U.S. dollars (276 billion).
one of the world's lowest tax, profit tax is 16%, but after deducting depreciation allowances and lower tax paid in real terms. The maximum personal income tax rate is 15%.
the world's ninth largest economy
the world's seventh largest foreign exchange market
ninth largest stock market
tenth largest trading center for foreign banks
communication
wireless world has the highest rate of per capita area, the United Nations \
the world's second most frequent Internet users access the Internet, the Internet market research firm NetValue survey shows that per capita time spent online per week, the per capita time spent online per week, 12.1 hours after the first one in South Korea 18.1 hours, 10.8 hours more than the United States, Singapore, 9.9 hours, 9.0 hours in Taiwan, and Mexico's 8.7 hours.
the world one of the highest telephone density, as of December 2001, an average of every 100 people 74 or 59 phone lines, 4.94 million telephone connections more than 3.93 million telephone lines.
the highest penetration rates worldwide fax and one of the fastest growing areas, in December 2001, per 100 business telephone line, about 23.3 fax lines, a total of 411,099 facsimile telephone lines.
global per capita usage as one of the highest in the year 2000 to 2001, Hong Kong's external communication time of 5.025 billion minutes, which make a call time of up to 3.142 billion minutes, up to 1.883 billion minutes allocated time; telex communication time nearly 5.459 million minutes (of which 2.961 million minutes set aside, 2,498,000 minutes allocated); sent and received over 24,500 telegrams.
the world's most comprehensive fiber optic telecommunications network, 98% of all commercial buildings and residential broadband Internet service available.
world's first fully digital telecommunications network has covered the city, since 1993, Hong Kong's digital telecommunications lines has been maintained at 100% coverage level.
up the world's fourth largest deal Speedpost postal sector, Hongkong Post is the first to provide one of the Speedpost service.
Tuesday, August 31, 2010
Stone Glossary - Bowen Preview
Stone Terminology June 27, 2010
stone Glossary - General Terms
building stone building stone has a certain physical and chemical properties of rocks used as building materials.
decorative stone decorative stone building with decorative properties of stone for building decorative processed.
species variety by color, pattern and other characteristics and origin of the stone veneer made of classification.
facing stone facing stone facing plate is used to process the stone.
facing plate facing slab with decorative stone processed into a sheet, for inside and outside the building walls, floors, cylinder, table, etc..
marble marble marble business refers to a class represented by decorative stone, including the carbonate rocks and associated metamorphic rocks, mainly composed of carbonate minerals, generally soft texture.
granite granite granite business refers to the decorative stone on behalf of a class, including all kinds of granitic igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks, generally hard texture.
Stone Terminology - Terminology
. Untrimmed quarry stone wool directly separated from the mine down, irregularly shaped stone.
. Blocks quarrystone formed by the wool processed with certain specifications for the processing of stone veneer sheet.
. Squared stone with stone wool material processed with certain specifications, for use of stone masonry buildings.
. Specification material dimension stone blocks to standard specifications.
. Agreement expected to agreed-dimension stone specifications agreed upon by the two sides of supply and demand blocks.
. Mao board flag slab sawing the blocks into the plate.
. Rough surface decorative plates (thick panel) roughing slab smooth surface rough with more regular processing striped sheet.
. Chopping boards that ax axed slab processed into the rough veneer.
. Hammer plate hammer dressed slab that hammer with flowers processed into the rough veneer.
. Singeing board flamed slab refers Flame processed into the rough veneer.
. Machine planing machine planing plate planed slab method that processed into the rough veneer.
. Thin surface plate (polished boards) rubbed slab smooth surface of the plate.
. Mirror plate (polished boards) polished slab smooth surface, with the mirror gloss of the plate.
. Thin thin slab thickness less than or equal mm plate.
. Mm thick slab thick thicker than the plate.
. P plate normal slab square or rectangular plate.
. Shaped plate irregular slab of non-square or rectangular plate.
. Agreement panel agreed-dimension slab sheet agreed by the supply and demand sides.
stone terminology - terminology mining and processing
stope ore mining quarry site.
ore mining quarrying process of separation from the ore body
stripping overburden stripping around the ore body before returning the non-ore material removed in the process.
sawing sawcutting the blocks processed into wool board process.
cutting cutting will be processed into a certain size plate process
finish rubbing wool board will have a smooth surface finish into the process.
polishing surface of polishing will be processed into thin panel with mirror gloss of the process.
Stone Glossary - Geology terms
. Quartz silica quartz crystals.
. Feldspar feldspar potassium, sodium, calcium and the frame structure of aluminum silicate minerals.
. Alkali feldspar alkali-feldspar-rich alkali metal potassium, sodium feldspar general.
. Sodium-rich plagioclase plaginclase,south indian cooking, the general term for calcium feldspar.
. Mica mica iron, magnesium, potassium aluminum silicate hydrate layer structure, with a very full sheet cleavage, cleavage along the strip can be as flexible sheets.
. Potassium muscovite muscovite mica.
. Biotite biotite iron, magnesium mica.
. Amphibole amphibole containing hydroxyl (OH [-]) of iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, aluminum chain structure of silicate minerals.
. Pyroxene pyroxene iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, aluminum chain structure of silicate minerals.
. Calcite calcite calcium carbonate minerals.
. Dolomite dolomite calcium magnesium carbonate mineral.
. Olivine olivine magnesium and iron silicate minerals.
. Serpentine serpentine magnesium silicate hydrate.
. Pyrite, iron disulfide mineral pyrite.
. Limonite iron ore to iron oxide exhaust gas hydrate as the main component of the mixture.
. Magnetite iron oxide mineral magnetite 4, a magnetic.
. All crystal structure holocrystalline texture components not fully crystalline structure with vitreous.
. Cryptocrystalline texture cryptocrystalline texture component crystal is only under the microscope to differentiate between fine structure.
. Vitreous structure of glassy texture component is not crystalline, pure crushed vitreous structure.
. And other grain structure eguigranular texture of rock the size of mineral grains in the main consistent structure.
. Porphyritic texture porphyritic texture of rock crystal in different particle size, large particles called phenocrysts, small particles known as the matrix.
. Oolitic structure oolitic texture from the spherical or ellipsoidal particle composition, particle shape, size as the eggs.
. Clastic clastic rock clastic texture structure content greater than% of the structure.
. Biological structure of biological bone biogenetic texture content of the rock structure is greater than%.
. Block structure in the massive structure of rock minerals arranged in no order of distribution of the structure.
. Banded structure banded structure in the different rock structures, composed of mineral particles of different bands of different colors arranged in the construction phase.
. Gneissic rocks in the mineral structure gneissic structure was aligned structure.
. Magmatic magmatic rock formed by the condensation of magma rocks.
. Sedimentary rock sedimentary rock formed by the consolidation of the rock deposits.
. The original metamorphic rock metamorphic rock formed by metamorphism of the rocks.
. Peridotite, dunite olivine and pyroxene mainly composed of plutonic ultramafic igneous rocks.
. Gabbro gabbro mainly by the basic plagioclase and clinopyroxene of deep into the basic magmatic rocks.
. Diabase diabase mainly pyroxene and basic plagioclase composition of the light into the basic magmatic rocks.
. Basalt and gabbro composition basaIt considerable emission of basic magmatic rocks.
. Diorite, diorite is chiefly of plagioclase and hornblende of deep magmatic rocks into neutral.
. Granite granite mainly quartz, feldspar, mica and a few other dark minerals deep into the acid rock.
. Dolomite dolomite dolomite composed mainly of sedimentary rock.
. Limestone limextone composed mainly of sedimentary calcite rock.
. Oolitic limestone oolitic limeston structure with Oolitic limestone.
. Bioclastic limestone bioclastic biological shells by the broken cement of calcium carbonate formed by limestone.
. Bamboo-like limestone wormkalk by the circular, elliptical Shanping parallel composition of limestone gravel, the gravel in the vertical section is shaped like bamboo leaves.
. Laminated limestone stromatolithic limestone layer with parallel lines on the limestone.
. Marble marble carbonate (calcite, dolomite-based) of more than 50% of the metamorphic rock.
. Serpentinized serpentinized marble marble rich in serpentine marble.
. Gneiss gneiss with gneissic structure, mainly composed of feldspar, quartz, mica of metamorphic rock.
Stone bilingual terminology
1. raw materials
artificial stone agglomerate (artifical stone)
Granite Granite
Marble Marble
limestone Limestone
agate (Rosin yellow) Onyx
quartz Quartzite
gravel Sandstone
Slate Slate
terrazzo Terrazzo
hole (hole) Stone Travertine
2. color
Beige Beige
Black Black
Blue Blue
Brown Brown
Gray Gray
Red Red < br>
White White
Gold Golden Yellow Yellow
3. product categories
Blocks Block
plate Slab
project board Cut-to-size
Feng Shui Ball Fortune (Fountain / Fengshui) Ball
Stone Line Stone Border (line)
Roman column Column
Cylindrical Pillar
curved plate Arc panel
mosaic pattern
mosaic Masaic
Lighting stone lamps
Stone Carving Stone Sculpture
disc King Bonsai
table Table
fireplace stone fireplace
railings Railing
tombstone Grave stone (Monument )
mushroom Mushroom slate
4. Processing Technology
grinding grinding
polishing polishing
fire flame-treated
pickling acid washing
water jet cutting water cutting
hanging dry-hang
Matt hone finished
True Light polished finished
sandblast sand -sprayed
Chisel brush-hammered
edging edge polishing
chamfer bevel edge
5. frequently Stone name (currently the world already has four more than 1000 kinds)
① imported stone
Black Sands Black galaxy (gold point is divided into big, medium, small)
the plate is characterized by black with gold points, gold point is divided into large, medium of three (big, medium, small), plates for the bathroom sink, the floor, which sets and other decoration. Mine is located in a small village in southern India. More than 40 mines around the mouth of each point of mine produced gold stone size and density are different,easy indian recipes, so has its own unique name, such as: Pokorna, Southern, Pallava, Jublee, Krishna Sai, etc..
② Domestic Stone
names are generally made of stone to origin + color as the name, such as: red Xinjiang (Xinjiang Red), Shanxi Black (Shanxi Black), Guangxi White (Guangxi White), Sunny Red (Yangguang Red), etc. Memory up there are rules.
short, wide variety of stone, can not and does not need to all remember the name because it is producing some of the country where the foreign language, it is abstract, not good in mind, so it is best from the \Stone shape features a more comprehensive understanding. in the stone business negotiations must know about the species to be otherwise unintelligible. Generally speaking, before receiving the mission, to understand the operation of the stone factory variety, if possible, obtain a copy of the English expressions, so that in the negotiations on easier.
6. Other
gang saw saw row (sand saws)
circular saw disc saw
diamond saw blades diamond saw blade
allowance gold size error, feet first
line (blocks, plates) root
crack (blocks, plates) crack
spot stain (gall stones)
stone protection stone care
scratch (sheet) scratch
coarse grain fine crystalline
fine grain coarse crystalline
stone test the importance of physical and chemical properties
facing stones of the advantages and disadvantages, in addition to color patterns, such as can be measured directly, the other must be tested to understand the physical and chemical properties. The performance of the use of decorative stone, durability, workability and transport ... ... and so has an important relationship. Abroad, particularly the developed countries, for each species should be rigorous testing, in the mouth of China's Post, also attached to the facing stones of the information, and when the negotiations would provide. Many domestic products of China to do this, but most products, especially township enterprises, have ignored for various reasons, leaders of relevant departments have repeatedly emphasized the importance of physical and chemical properties of the test facing stones, but far enough.
test can reflect the physical and chemical properties to evaluate the quality of stone, roughly the performance of the following:
1, the use of: any building on the stone, every building of any piece of stone, must have certain mechanical level, such as compression strength, bending strength size and mineral composition, structure, composition, texture and structure, the degree of water saturation, such as compression strength, quartz, feldspar, higher than that of calcite, dolomite, granite therefore generally higher than the compressive strength of marble. Granite, marble itself because different components have different mechanical strength, granite is generally higher than the gabbro, with different kinds of rock structures, different compression strength, such as the fine structure of the stone above the coarse-grained structure, etc. The higher grain particles ranging. Stone of acid and alkali resistance and chemical composition very close to general, Si02 content is high, good acid, and CaO, MgO high alkali resistance.
2, durability: building hope for any long-term use of decorative stone also requires long-term to maintain appearance. Must have some wind resistance, frost resistance, anti-wear performance, which performance is good or bad and stone in the water absorption, porosity and the. Certain metal sulfides, such as pyrite is easily oxidized in the atmosphere into limonite or ferrous sulfate, thereby reducing the strength and beauty of stone. Therefore, the determination of mineral composition on the durability of stone is also important to understand. Radioactive elements is directly related to human health, especially for interior decoration of the stone, its radioactive attempt must be strictly limited.
3, processing: on stone mining, cutting, grinding, polishing itself against external mechanical force process. Mineral hardness is low, the single components, structures and uniform and easy processing. There?, But to adjust certain intensity of rock, such as the diamond frame saw suitable for cutting marble, ZBQ sand Sawing strong compression effect on the poor stone. Different mineral composition also have an impact on the level of gloss, dark-colored minerals easily polished, light is more difficult. Ease of polishing and chemical composition are related, such as the original Ministerial TC79-92 standard sheet of natural marble building on the composition of different marble, its mirror gloss have different requirements. Therefore, based on the mineral composition, chemical composition can also be generally aware of the products of its processing requirements gloss has been achieved. Different chemical composition but also choose a different article of the grinding head.
Stone English Daquan (1) [A] summer yellow African Lilac
[A] plain black linen Absoluto Black
[A] Egyptian Red Aswan Red
[A] Abang stone abangshi
[A] Egypt Beige New Beige
[A] Alice Hung Rosa Iris
[A] he silver Oyster Silver Ace
[A] Anthony chocolate Adoni Chocolee
[A] Eucalyptus Green Verdre Eucalipto
[A] Green Verde Aosta Aosta
[A] Australian sandstone (pink) Mount White (Pink)
[A] Australian sand (golden yellow) Mount White (Dark)
[A ] Australian sand (light yellow) Mount White (Medium)
[B] Panama Black Nero Impala
[B] Brazil Imperial Red (small flower) Royal Red
[B] Red Emperor of Brazil (in flower) Colorado Gaucho
[B] point of coffee in Brazil Ipanema
[B] Red Brown Bratteby Brazil
[B] Red Rosso Crepuslolo Brazil Symphony
[B] Ma Amarello Gold Brazilian Gold color
[B] Brazil gold pearl Amerello Pearl
[B] New York brown beads Riosorgeinento Brazil
[B] Bachillat Blue Azul Bahia
[B] Barbara Black Barry Black
[B] Barbara Gray Brarry Grey
[B] Bai Haitang White Crabapple
[B] White Wood Perlino Bianco
[B] White Sands Beige Bianco Botticino or Cream Pinta
[B ] white sand beige (yellow) Biancone D
[B] white sand beige (gray) Biancone E
[B] white sand stone Limbra Stone
[B] White Crystal Thassos
[B] White Pearl White linen White Pearl
[B] Perth high ash Fior Di Pesco Carnico
[B] Aquarius Stone Aquarius
[B] Stone Brown Gem Brown
[B] Baylor Cream Cream Bello
[B] ratio flowers blue Peval Gream Blue Bahia
[B] Bilaerba Red Rosa Peralba
[B] edges Verde Verge
[B] Bin Laka Red Pokkala Red
[B] waves Bencsina pick Redstone Pottochino Peack
[B] Bo Junzi sand stone P. Jaunz
[B] Brown Imperial Brown
small flower
[B] Bubba Green Verde Buba
[B] mercerizing green sand Buxy Bayada
[C] Choi Lai Wen Pearl
[C] silk white Kashmire White
[C] Cenxi red Cenxi Red
[C] Chaffee than the blue Zaphipe Blue
[C] Charles Phoebe Brown Zaphipe Brown
[C] Orange Red Rosa Tea
[C] spring Red Spring Rose
< br> [C] Spring Green Spring Ray
[C] all black Ma Absoluto Black
[C] plain dark green linen Verde Assoluto
[C] Chinese orchid china blue
[D] Da Weirui that beige Doverena Beige (N)
[D] great white Big White Flower
[D] big gray Arabescato or Arabescato Corchia
[D] flowering ash Arabescato Grey
[C] United States of white linen Camelia White
[D] Tagawa Koshiro Ma Docheung
[D] Big Flower Green Dark Green or Medium Green
[D] China Green Mainland Green
[D] Daisy Champagne Derert Litac
[D] De Mala gold satin Giallo Damara
[D] Texas Pink Texas Pink
[D] Pink Texas (DRC azalea) Texas Red
[D] Texas Red Dallas Pink or Texas Red
[D] Imperial White Imperial Dumby (II)
[D] Imperial White (pure) Imperial Dumby
[D] Imperial Red Imperial Red
[D] Royal Connaught fossil Diano Peal
[D] bean curd beige Botticino Fiorito
[D ] Du Ao Yi Sha Grey Grey Duauesa
[D] Dolata sand stone Pietra Dorata
[E] Russian Brown Pearl Brown Pearl
[F] Vatican cell-chou Green Verde Mergozzo
[F] Vatican eligible tso Green Mergozzo Green
[F] Vatican homes Rittal gray Moncervetto
[F] African black Zimbabwe
[F] reddish brown root Café Rosita
[F] Brown kenaf Derby Brown
[F] or Emperador Emperador brown reticulate Dark
[F] or the brown diamond Baltic Brown Baltic Brown \>
[F] Finnish Red Finland Red
[F] point of white powder Ma Rosa Beta
[F] butterflies stone Perlino Rosato
[F] Pink Green Ma Pink Green
[F] Ma Pink Porrino pink or Red Sesame
[F] pink sand Pink Quarzite
[F] Pink Crystal Royal Pink
< br> [F] Pink Pearl Pink Pearl
[F] Fontaine Rainbow Regina Pink
[F] Maple Leaf black Negro Espana
[F] Maple Red Maple-Leaf Red
[F] Maple Leaf Green Verbe Fontam
[F] Maple Brown Caledonia D-Brown
[F] pink linen ROSA PORRINO
[F] Buddha Kong Tsing Fu Gang Blue
[F] Folisita Ash Grey Forresta
[F] red Richearth Red Fortune
[F] rich beige Beige A1 & A2
[F] French Red Rosso Antico
[H] made a large flower Green Big Flower Green
[G] Classic Antique Bitu Gray Gray Ma
[G] Guangxi White Guangxi White
[G] Olive Green Olive Green
[G] high mosquito + A152 Red Marron Guaiba
[G] Gela Si Rainbow Scuru or TropicalViolet
[G] Ge Siya gray Qasia Auzl
[G] grand beige Gran Beige
[G] Geli Si Kim Ma Grand Gris
[G] Classic Gold Ma Giallo Anitco
[G] Princess princess beige beige
[H] 哈比丝卡丝 red Habiscuss
[H] sea coral Hassan Green
[H] Ocean White White Marine
[H ] sea of white gravel Sea White
[H] Ocean Green Ocean Green or OceanGreen (India) or Verde Marina
[H] White Marble White Marble
[H] Hang Grey Hang Grey
[H] Black Oyster Pearl Oyster Pearl
[H] River Green River Green
[H] Lotus Green Lotus Green
[H ] black root Nero Margiua
[H] black gold flower Portoro or Portoro Extra
[H] Black Sands Galaxy Black
[H] Black Pearl Emerald Pear
< br> [H] red beans white linen Apex White
[H] Red Sands Noisette Fleury Classico
[H] Red Dragon Stone Red Dragon
[H] red beige Filetto Rosso or Tranifiorito
[H] red jade Pink Porriny
[H] red violet color Kinawa
[H] Red Amethyst Lillas Gerais
[H] Red Diamond Carmen Red
[H] Red Diamonds Ma Carmen Red
[H] Lake Blue Lake Placid Blue
[H] Butterfly Green Butterfly Green
[H] butterfly dark green linen Verdre Butterfly
[H] Tiger Skin Red Tiger Skin
[H] tiger skin yellow Yellow Tiger Skin
[H] tiger stone Rosso Salome or Tiger Skin
[H] amber red Najran Red
[H] amber yellow Perlato Svevo
[H] Symphony Bara Ma Prata Ornamental
[H] Symphony beans Ma Ghibli
[H] Symphony of pink linen Pink Fanasty
[ ,H] Symphony of red Molticolor Red or Multicolor Red
[H] Black Xin spent hegrx black
[H] Symphony Gold Ma Giallo SF Peal
[H] Magic color green Martiaca or Multicolor Green
[H] Fantasy Snowflake Fantasy Snow
[H] Phantom Rose Rosa Bellissimo
[H] Princess Red Red Ruby
< br> [H] Queen Red Queen Rose
[H] Royal Cream Royal Beige
[H] Royal Cream Cream Royal
[H] Royal Crystal Bianco Royal
[H] Wong Mei Queen Rose
[H] Royal White Ma Camelia White
[H] Royal Brown Iundra Brown
[H] Royal Grey Royal Grey
[H] Royal beige Shukuh
[H] Twilight Rays Aurora Bianco
[H] Huang Jin Bala Giallo Veneziano
[H] Gold Ash Ma Bianco Argento
[H] Gold Ma Giallo Cecilia
[H] Gold Beige Jekmar Cream
[H] gold diamond Tropic Brown
[ ,H] Huang hole stone Travertino Romano
[H] Huang Lucy Stone Travertino Dune
[H] sand stone Perlato Sictlla
[H] ash red root Rosso Salome
[H] ash Jinhua Portoro
[H] Ash Rose Ash Rose
[H] Gray netted Grigio Carnico
[H] volcanic red Rosso Alicante
[H] volcanic Green Verde Lavars
[J] Venus Green Ma Donghae
[J] Jin Xuan Hung Homiat Red
[J] Coffee Pearl Star Ruby
[J] Jazz White Ajax or Drama White
[J] give La Sau er Huang Girasole
[J] old beige Botticino Classico
[J] San Francisco Green St.Francisco
[J] Classic Linen Yup Extra Classico
[J] Diamond Ma Giallo Fiorito or Giallo Veneziano Fiorito
[J] Jin Zhu Ma Amendoa
[J ] gold leaf Ma Golden Leaf
[J] Jaguar Red Jacaranda
[J] Jaguar Red (Argentina Red) Forest Green or Red Sierra Chica
[J] Jeddah Red Ruweidah Pink
[J] auspicious red PR Red
[J] Jiaduoliya (shallow) Caladonia (Light)
[J] Jiaduoliya ( deep) Caladonia
[J] Canada White Canadian White
[J] Canada black Lmabrian Black
[J] Canadian Red Canada Red or Emerald Pearl
[J] Canada scarlet Ma Vermillion
[J] Jin Ma California Giallo California
[J] California Gold Ma Imperial Califonia
[J] coffee pearl COFFEE PEARL
[J] Jiangxi Red Jhansi Red
[J] gold beige Perlato SF
[J] Fuji blue japan blue
[J] gold satin RAW SILK
[J] General Red Befast or Suya Pink
[J] dark reddish brown stone Golden Galaxy
[J] Caramel Gold Ma Caramelo Decorado
[J] gold color linen Giallo Veneziano
[J] Golden Point Blue Diamond Blue Galaxy
[J] Golden Ma Brazilian Light
[J] Jinhua sand stone Amarillo Fosil
[J] Golden Flower Beige Perlato Svevo
[J] Gold Symphony Fantasy Viyola
[J] Jinlong Ma Golden Drogen
[J] dragon beige Dragon Yellow
[J] Jin Ma Giallo Veneiiano
[J] leopard Stone Leopard Skin
[J] Jin Shabei Palissandro Classico
[J] Sands Black Black Galaxy
[J] golden sand Pallisandro Classico
[J] Sands Red Red Galaxy
[J] gold satin (red) Seta Yellow (Red)
[J] gold satin (light, medium) Seta Yellow (Light, Medium)
[J] Kingston beige Jazireh
[K] Chinese black Royal Mmhogany
[K] Peacock Green Peacock Green
[K] Ken Diya red Candia
[K] Kashmir White Kashmire White
[K] Ke Lima spent Seattle Cremo < br>
[K] Hyatt Red Breccia Oniciata
[K] Caesar's black Nero Galassia Fossice
[K] Caesar White Caesar White
[K] card Lamy Yellow Emperor wire Beige Castilla
[K] Kaluomubo Red Juparana Colombo
[K] 卡利多利亚 Caledonia L-Brown
[K] Caddo gray gravel Cardoso
[L] Dragon Red Indian Juparana
[L] Six Red Black Tiger
[L] Chestnut Red Rosa Chestnut
[L] Lee Dia Red Rosa Lydia
[L] eagle Peach Stone Edel Mahogany
[L] eagle red Kola Red
[L] Long Ze Red Ranza Green
< br> [L] spray white Spary White
[L] Blue teak Azu Imperial Peual
[L] Blue Star Peach Red Rosa Peach
[L] Blue Blue Ma Pearl
[L] Blue Sands Palissandro Blue
[L] Russ Diamond Ma Laranjeiras
[L] Laka Cream Cream Laca
[ ,L] Latin White White Sardo
[L] Green Labrador Labrador
[L] Rose to red Rosa Ghiandone
[L] Rosa jade Rosso Salome
[L] Rosa Red Rossa Framura
[ ,L] romantic coffee red Romantic Coffee
[L] Luoma Long Stone Sakhreh
[L] Rockville white Rockville White
[L] Green Diamond Ma Baltil Green < br>
[L] role in today Ma Verde Fountain
[L] Green Jade Green Onyx
[L] Green woo Red Balmoral Red
[L] Green Star Emrrald Pearl
[L] with mold Po Baltic Green
[L] Green Butterfly Verde Bahia
[L] Green Rose Green Rose
point [L] Lewis Silver Grey Duquesa
[L] LU beige Sanam
[L] longan Stone Dragon Eyes
[L] Dragon Stone (according to Tower Green) Ita Creen
[M] Wood Stone Serpenggiante
[M] Wood Yellow Wood-Grain Yellow
[M] Wood White Wood-Grain White
[M] dark green linen Verde Ubatuba
[M] Orlando Brown Magic Brown
[M] Mocha Green Mocca Green
[M] Red Rossa Milas Milas
[M] m Topaz Yellow Jade
[M] Monte Carlo White Multicolor White
[M] Monte Carlo Greek Dark Green or Multicocour Red
[M] of the United Red Camelia Pink
[M] the United States of White Camelia White
[M] the United States Silver Star Silver Star
[M] American mahogany stone Dakota Mahogany
[M] American Red Amethyst Dakota Mahogany
[M] American Kenaf American Red
[M] the United States of Kirkland gray Ma Diorite
[M] USA White linen Bethel White
[M] Rose Pearl Tumkur Red
[M] Rose Beige Cream Cotton
[M] Rose Green Ma Rose Green
[M] Rose Queen Diorite
[M] Rose Grey Duquesa or Pink Rose or Rosa Aurora or Rose Red
[M] Mongolia Black Mongolia Black
[M] rose color kenaf Pink Rose
[M] cat M Red Maoma Red
[M] Cat limestone Saint Luis
[M] Manhattan green Manhaton Green
[M] Mandelisi Grey Grigio Mondariz
[M] wheat beige Terista
[M] Mike Green Myk Green
[M] Ipanema red (dark) Tangelo Pink \
[M] Agate Jade Agate Jade
[M] Mary Green Mary Green
[M] Mageersha Green Mogalsar Green
[M] Ma Wei Hu Kenaf Macurai Tiger
[M] Martini Red Martini
[M] Celso Red Rosa Tea
[M] Manao Red Sea-Waue Flower
[N] Norway La gravel grain Breccia Novella
[N] Norwegian Red Rosa Norwegian or Rosso Norvegjan
[N] Norway White Togla White
[N ] Noix beige Cream Nuova
[N] Ni Wei White Crystal Bianco Neve
[N] Jin Sun, South Africa Yellow Sun
[N] South African deep black Belfast
[N] South African light black Rustenburg
[N] South African Red African Red
[N] Napoleon Gold Giallo Napoleone
[O] Learning Alliance Sha Green Orissa Green
[O] Ou Ruisha Blue Orissa Blue
[P] Apple Green Apple Green or Dark Green
[P] Padadisuo Paradiso
[P] Padadisuo Imperial Red
[Q] Ma Autumn Brown Autumn Brown
[Q] Green Amethyst Royal Mahogany
[Q] light brown flower Light Brown
[Q] purple color Paradiso
[R] Swedish Red Trawas Red
[R] Swedish Red Rosso Vanga
[R] milk Huang Limestone Yellow Limestone
[R] Zuja that red Rosso Luana
[R] Ru Bala that Red Juparana Rossa
[R] gray Sunshine White
Japan [R] Tropical Green Verde Tropical SF
[R] Tropical Green Tropical Green
[R] Tropical Tropical White White
[R] Tropical green tropical green
[R] Mayflower Rosa Egeo
[S] Rosin Huang Song Xiang Yellow
[S] Pine Green Pine Green
[S] Sri Lanka Sri-Lanka Gold Gold Ma
[S] Crystal jute Crystal Yellow
[S] Ma Crystal Pink Crystal Rose
[S] Crystal White Ma Crystal White
[S] tree pattern beige B Biancone B
[S] tree pattern beige A Biancone A
[S] Stant gray Stanstead Grey
[S] Ponegranate Red garnet
[S] Shidao red Peninsula Red
[S] Yves Saint Laurent Scuru or Tan Brown
[S] Saint Ruth Silver Saint Louis
[S] Red Rosso Santiago Santiago, or Santiago Red
[S] Victory Red Red LP
[S] coral Coralito or Rosso Alicante
[S] Landscape Green Kinawa Light
[S] partridge red gravel Berccia Pernice
[S] Shali Shi Red Pink Salisbury
[S] Sally White Sarry White
[S] Magic Double Loading beige Shabnam
[S] Xuan Fei Sha New Blue
[S] Saudi Pak Sunshine White
[S] Desert Green Desert Green
[S] Desert Brown Desert Brown
[S] Salle Red Sally Rosa
[S] Sha Po Green Stone Emerald Green
[S ] Shabadinuo Red Sabatino
[S] Forest Green Verde Forest
[S] San Francisco Green Verde San Franciso
[S] San Francisco gold ( deep) Giallo SF Real (Dark)
[S] San Francisco Gold (light) Giallo SF Real (Light)
[T] Wa Linqia Red Cream Cream Valencia
[T] Turkey rose Rosanice
[T] Turkish Rose Beige & Rose
[ ,T] translucent stone Sunshine Stone
[T] Paradise Blue Paradiso Blue
[T] super snow white Statuario Extra
[T] Premium White Super American White American
[T] Premium Rose Rosa Aurora Extra
[T] Thai white blue Tai Bai Black
[T] Prince Red Red Ruby
[T] the sun white Astra
[T] Pacific Green Pacific Pearl Pearl
[T] Pacific, dark green, Ma Pacific Ubatuba
stone Glossary - General Terms
building stone building stone has a certain physical and chemical properties of rocks used as building materials.
decorative stone decorative stone building with decorative properties of stone for building decorative processed.
species variety by color, pattern and other characteristics and origin of the stone veneer made of classification.
facing stone facing stone facing plate is used to process the stone.
facing plate facing slab with decorative stone processed into a sheet, for inside and outside the building walls, floors, cylinder, table, etc..
marble marble marble business refers to a class represented by decorative stone, including the carbonate rocks and associated metamorphic rocks, mainly composed of carbonate minerals, generally soft texture.
granite granite granite business refers to the decorative stone on behalf of a class, including all kinds of granitic igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks, generally hard texture.
Stone Terminology - Terminology
. Untrimmed quarry stone wool directly separated from the mine down, irregularly shaped stone.
. Blocks quarrystone formed by the wool processed with certain specifications for the processing of stone veneer sheet.
. Squared stone with stone wool material processed with certain specifications, for use of stone masonry buildings.
. Specification material dimension stone blocks to standard specifications.
. Agreement expected to agreed-dimension stone specifications agreed upon by the two sides of supply and demand blocks.
. Mao board flag slab sawing the blocks into the plate.
. Rough surface decorative plates (thick panel) roughing slab smooth surface rough with more regular processing striped sheet.
. Chopping boards that ax axed slab processed into the rough veneer.
. Hammer plate hammer dressed slab that hammer with flowers processed into the rough veneer.
. Singeing board flamed slab refers Flame processed into the rough veneer.
. Machine planing machine planing plate planed slab method that processed into the rough veneer.
. Thin surface plate (polished boards) rubbed slab smooth surface of the plate.
. Mirror plate (polished boards) polished slab smooth surface, with the mirror gloss of the plate.
. Thin thin slab thickness less than or equal mm plate.
. Mm thick slab thick thicker than the plate.
. P plate normal slab square or rectangular plate.
. Shaped plate irregular slab of non-square or rectangular plate.
. Agreement panel agreed-dimension slab sheet agreed by the supply and demand sides.
stone terminology - terminology mining and processing
stope ore mining quarry site.
ore mining quarrying process of separation from the ore body
stripping overburden stripping around the ore body before returning the non-ore material removed in the process.
sawing sawcutting the blocks processed into wool board process.
cutting cutting will be processed into a certain size plate process
finish rubbing wool board will have a smooth surface finish into the process.
polishing surface of polishing will be processed into thin panel with mirror gloss of the process.
Stone Glossary - Geology terms
. Quartz silica quartz crystals.
. Feldspar feldspar potassium, sodium, calcium and the frame structure of aluminum silicate minerals.
. Alkali feldspar alkali-feldspar-rich alkali metal potassium, sodium feldspar general.
. Sodium-rich plagioclase plaginclase,south indian cooking, the general term for calcium feldspar.
. Mica mica iron, magnesium, potassium aluminum silicate hydrate layer structure, with a very full sheet cleavage, cleavage along the strip can be as flexible sheets.
. Potassium muscovite muscovite mica.
. Biotite biotite iron, magnesium mica.
. Amphibole amphibole containing hydroxyl (OH [-]) of iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, aluminum chain structure of silicate minerals.
. Pyroxene pyroxene iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, aluminum chain structure of silicate minerals.
. Calcite calcite calcium carbonate minerals.
. Dolomite dolomite calcium magnesium carbonate mineral.
. Olivine olivine magnesium and iron silicate minerals.
. Serpentine serpentine magnesium silicate hydrate.
. Pyrite, iron disulfide mineral pyrite.
. Limonite iron ore to iron oxide exhaust gas hydrate as the main component of the mixture.
. Magnetite iron oxide mineral magnetite 4, a magnetic.
. All crystal structure holocrystalline texture components not fully crystalline structure with vitreous.
. Cryptocrystalline texture cryptocrystalline texture component crystal is only under the microscope to differentiate between fine structure.
. Vitreous structure of glassy texture component is not crystalline, pure crushed vitreous structure.
. And other grain structure eguigranular texture of rock the size of mineral grains in the main consistent structure.
. Porphyritic texture porphyritic texture of rock crystal in different particle size, large particles called phenocrysts, small particles known as the matrix.
. Oolitic structure oolitic texture from the spherical or ellipsoidal particle composition, particle shape, size as the eggs.
. Clastic clastic rock clastic texture structure content greater than% of the structure.
. Biological structure of biological bone biogenetic texture content of the rock structure is greater than%.
. Block structure in the massive structure of rock minerals arranged in no order of distribution of the structure.
. Banded structure banded structure in the different rock structures, composed of mineral particles of different bands of different colors arranged in the construction phase.
. Gneissic rocks in the mineral structure gneissic structure was aligned structure.
. Magmatic magmatic rock formed by the condensation of magma rocks.
. Sedimentary rock sedimentary rock formed by the consolidation of the rock deposits.
. The original metamorphic rock metamorphic rock formed by metamorphism of the rocks.
. Peridotite, dunite olivine and pyroxene mainly composed of plutonic ultramafic igneous rocks.
. Gabbro gabbro mainly by the basic plagioclase and clinopyroxene of deep into the basic magmatic rocks.
. Diabase diabase mainly pyroxene and basic plagioclase composition of the light into the basic magmatic rocks.
. Basalt and gabbro composition basaIt considerable emission of basic magmatic rocks.
. Diorite, diorite is chiefly of plagioclase and hornblende of deep magmatic rocks into neutral.
. Granite granite mainly quartz, feldspar, mica and a few other dark minerals deep into the acid rock.
. Dolomite dolomite dolomite composed mainly of sedimentary rock.
. Limestone limextone composed mainly of sedimentary calcite rock.
. Oolitic limestone oolitic limeston structure with Oolitic limestone.
. Bioclastic limestone bioclastic biological shells by the broken cement of calcium carbonate formed by limestone.
. Bamboo-like limestone wormkalk by the circular, elliptical Shanping parallel composition of limestone gravel, the gravel in the vertical section is shaped like bamboo leaves.
. Laminated limestone stromatolithic limestone layer with parallel lines on the limestone.
. Marble marble carbonate (calcite, dolomite-based) of more than 50% of the metamorphic rock.
. Serpentinized serpentinized marble marble rich in serpentine marble.
. Gneiss gneiss with gneissic structure, mainly composed of feldspar, quartz, mica of metamorphic rock.
Stone bilingual terminology
1. raw materials
artificial stone agglomerate (artifical stone)
Granite Granite
Marble Marble
limestone Limestone
agate (Rosin yellow) Onyx
quartz Quartzite
gravel Sandstone
Slate Slate
terrazzo Terrazzo
hole (hole) Stone Travertine
2. color
Beige Beige
Black Black
Blue Blue
Brown Brown
Gray Gray
Red Red < br>
White White
Gold Golden Yellow Yellow
3. product categories
Blocks Block
plate Slab
project board Cut-to-size
Feng Shui Ball Fortune (Fountain / Fengshui) Ball
Stone Line Stone Border (line)
Roman column Column
Cylindrical Pillar
curved plate Arc panel
mosaic pattern
mosaic Masaic
Lighting stone lamps
Stone Carving Stone Sculpture
disc King Bonsai
table Table
fireplace stone fireplace
railings Railing
tombstone Grave stone (Monument )
mushroom Mushroom slate
4. Processing Technology
grinding grinding
polishing polishing
fire flame-treated
pickling acid washing
water jet cutting water cutting
hanging dry-hang
Matt hone finished
True Light polished finished
sandblast sand -sprayed
Chisel brush-hammered
edging edge polishing
chamfer bevel edge
5. frequently Stone name (currently the world already has four more than 1000 kinds)
① imported stone
Black Sands Black galaxy (gold point is divided into big, medium, small)
the plate is characterized by black with gold points, gold point is divided into large, medium of three (big, medium, small), plates for the bathroom sink, the floor, which sets and other decoration. Mine is located in a small village in southern India. More than 40 mines around the mouth of each point of mine produced gold stone size and density are different,easy indian recipes, so has its own unique name, such as: Pokorna, Southern, Pallava, Jublee, Krishna Sai, etc..
② Domestic Stone
names are generally made of stone to origin + color as the name, such as: red Xinjiang (Xinjiang Red), Shanxi Black (Shanxi Black), Guangxi White (Guangxi White), Sunny Red (Yangguang Red), etc. Memory up there are rules.
short, wide variety of stone, can not and does not need to all remember the name because it is producing some of the country where the foreign language, it is abstract, not good in mind, so it is best from the \Stone shape features a more comprehensive understanding. in the stone business negotiations must know about the species to be otherwise unintelligible. Generally speaking, before receiving the mission, to understand the operation of the stone factory variety, if possible, obtain a copy of the English expressions, so that in the negotiations on easier.
6. Other
gang saw saw row (sand saws)
circular saw disc saw
diamond saw blades diamond saw blade
allowance gold size error, feet first
line (blocks, plates) root
crack (blocks, plates) crack
spot stain (gall stones)
stone protection stone care
scratch (sheet) scratch
coarse grain fine crystalline
fine grain coarse crystalline
stone test the importance of physical and chemical properties
facing stones of the advantages and disadvantages, in addition to color patterns, such as can be measured directly, the other must be tested to understand the physical and chemical properties. The performance of the use of decorative stone, durability, workability and transport ... ... and so has an important relationship. Abroad, particularly the developed countries, for each species should be rigorous testing, in the mouth of China's Post, also attached to the facing stones of the information, and when the negotiations would provide. Many domestic products of China to do this, but most products, especially township enterprises, have ignored for various reasons, leaders of relevant departments have repeatedly emphasized the importance of physical and chemical properties of the test facing stones, but far enough.
test can reflect the physical and chemical properties to evaluate the quality of stone, roughly the performance of the following:
1, the use of: any building on the stone, every building of any piece of stone, must have certain mechanical level, such as compression strength, bending strength size and mineral composition, structure, composition, texture and structure, the degree of water saturation, such as compression strength, quartz, feldspar, higher than that of calcite, dolomite, granite therefore generally higher than the compressive strength of marble. Granite, marble itself because different components have different mechanical strength, granite is generally higher than the gabbro, with different kinds of rock structures, different compression strength, such as the fine structure of the stone above the coarse-grained structure, etc. The higher grain particles ranging. Stone of acid and alkali resistance and chemical composition very close to general, Si02 content is high, good acid, and CaO, MgO high alkali resistance.
2, durability: building hope for any long-term use of decorative stone also requires long-term to maintain appearance. Must have some wind resistance, frost resistance, anti-wear performance, which performance is good or bad and stone in the water absorption, porosity and the. Certain metal sulfides, such as pyrite is easily oxidized in the atmosphere into limonite or ferrous sulfate, thereby reducing the strength and beauty of stone. Therefore, the determination of mineral composition on the durability of stone is also important to understand. Radioactive elements is directly related to human health, especially for interior decoration of the stone, its radioactive attempt must be strictly limited.
3, processing: on stone mining, cutting, grinding, polishing itself against external mechanical force process. Mineral hardness is low, the single components, structures and uniform and easy processing. There?, But to adjust certain intensity of rock, such as the diamond frame saw suitable for cutting marble, ZBQ sand Sawing strong compression effect on the poor stone. Different mineral composition also have an impact on the level of gloss, dark-colored minerals easily polished, light is more difficult. Ease of polishing and chemical composition are related, such as the original Ministerial TC79-92 standard sheet of natural marble building on the composition of different marble, its mirror gloss have different requirements. Therefore, based on the mineral composition, chemical composition can also be generally aware of the products of its processing requirements gloss has been achieved. Different chemical composition but also choose a different article of the grinding head.
Stone English Daquan (1) [A] summer yellow African Lilac
[A] plain black linen Absoluto Black
[A] Egyptian Red Aswan Red
[A] Abang stone abangshi
[A] Egypt Beige New Beige
[A] Alice Hung Rosa Iris
[A] he silver Oyster Silver Ace
[A] Anthony chocolate Adoni Chocolee
[A] Eucalyptus Green Verdre Eucalipto
[A] Green Verde Aosta Aosta
[A] Australian sandstone (pink) Mount White (Pink)
[A] Australian sand (golden yellow) Mount White (Dark)
[A ] Australian sand (light yellow) Mount White (Medium)
[B] Panama Black Nero Impala
[B] Brazil Imperial Red (small flower) Royal Red
[B] Red Emperor of Brazil (in flower) Colorado Gaucho
[B] point of coffee in Brazil Ipanema
[B] Red Brown Bratteby Brazil
[B] Red Rosso Crepuslolo Brazil Symphony
[B] Ma Amarello Gold Brazilian Gold color
[B] Brazil gold pearl Amerello Pearl
[B] New York brown beads Riosorgeinento Brazil
[B] Bachillat Blue Azul Bahia
[B] Barbara Black Barry Black
[B] Barbara Gray Brarry Grey
[B] Bai Haitang White Crabapple
[B] White Wood Perlino Bianco
[B] White Sands Beige Bianco Botticino or Cream Pinta
[B ] white sand beige (yellow) Biancone D
[B] white sand beige (gray) Biancone E
[B] white sand stone Limbra Stone
[B] White Crystal Thassos
[B] White Pearl White linen White Pearl
[B] Perth high ash Fior Di Pesco Carnico
[B] Aquarius Stone Aquarius
[B] Stone Brown Gem Brown
[B] Baylor Cream Cream Bello
[B] ratio flowers blue Peval Gream Blue Bahia
[B] Bilaerba Red Rosa Peralba
[B] edges Verde Verge
[B] Bin Laka Red Pokkala Red
[B] waves Bencsina pick Redstone Pottochino Peack
[B] Bo Junzi sand stone P. Jaunz
[B] Brown Imperial Brown
small flower
[B] Bubba Green Verde Buba
[B] mercerizing green sand Buxy Bayada
[C] Choi Lai Wen Pearl
[C] silk white Kashmire White
[C] Cenxi red Cenxi Red
[C] Chaffee than the blue Zaphipe Blue
[C] Charles Phoebe Brown Zaphipe Brown
[C] Orange Red Rosa Tea
[C] spring Red Spring Rose
< br> [C] Spring Green Spring Ray
[C] all black Ma Absoluto Black
[C] plain dark green linen Verde Assoluto
[C] Chinese orchid china blue
[D] Da Weirui that beige Doverena Beige (N)
[D] great white Big White Flower
[D] big gray Arabescato or Arabescato Corchia
[D] flowering ash Arabescato Grey
[C] United States of white linen Camelia White
[D] Tagawa Koshiro Ma Docheung
[D] Big Flower Green Dark Green or Medium Green
[D] China Green Mainland Green
[D] Daisy Champagne Derert Litac
[D] De Mala gold satin Giallo Damara
[D] Texas Pink Texas Pink
[D] Pink Texas (DRC azalea) Texas Red
[D] Texas Red Dallas Pink or Texas Red
[D] Imperial White Imperial Dumby (II)
[D] Imperial White (pure) Imperial Dumby
[D] Imperial Red Imperial Red
[D] Royal Connaught fossil Diano Peal
[D] bean curd beige Botticino Fiorito
[D ] Du Ao Yi Sha Grey Grey Duauesa
[D] Dolata sand stone Pietra Dorata
[E] Russian Brown Pearl Brown Pearl
[F] Vatican cell-chou Green Verde Mergozzo
[F] Vatican eligible tso Green Mergozzo Green
[F] Vatican homes Rittal gray Moncervetto
[F] African black Zimbabwe
[F] reddish brown root Café Rosita
[F] Brown kenaf Derby Brown
[F] or Emperador Emperador brown reticulate Dark
[F] or the brown diamond Baltic Brown Baltic Brown \>
[F] Finnish Red Finland Red
[F] point of white powder Ma Rosa Beta
[F] butterflies stone Perlino Rosato
[F] Pink Green Ma Pink Green
[F] Ma Pink Porrino pink or Red Sesame
[F] pink sand Pink Quarzite
[F] Pink Crystal Royal Pink
< br> [F] Pink Pearl Pink Pearl
[F] Fontaine Rainbow Regina Pink
[F] Maple Leaf black Negro Espana
[F] Maple Red Maple-Leaf Red
[F] Maple Leaf Green Verbe Fontam
[F] Maple Brown Caledonia D-Brown
[F] pink linen ROSA PORRINO
[F] Buddha Kong Tsing Fu Gang Blue
[F] Folisita Ash Grey Forresta
[F] red Richearth Red Fortune
[F] rich beige Beige A1 & A2
[F] French Red Rosso Antico
[H] made a large flower Green Big Flower Green
[G] Classic Antique Bitu Gray Gray Ma
[G] Guangxi White Guangxi White
[G] Olive Green Olive Green
[G] high mosquito + A152 Red Marron Guaiba
[G] Gela Si Rainbow Scuru or TropicalViolet
[G] Ge Siya gray Qasia Auzl
[G] grand beige Gran Beige
[G] Geli Si Kim Ma Grand Gris
[G] Classic Gold Ma Giallo Anitco
[G] Princess princess beige beige
[H] 哈比丝卡丝 red Habiscuss
[H] sea coral Hassan Green
[H] Ocean White White Marine
[H ] sea of white gravel Sea White
[H] Ocean Green Ocean Green or OceanGreen (India) or Verde Marina
[H] White Marble White Marble
[H] Hang Grey Hang Grey
[H] Black Oyster Pearl Oyster Pearl
[H] River Green River Green
[H] Lotus Green Lotus Green
[H ] black root Nero Margiua
[H] black gold flower Portoro or Portoro Extra
[H] Black Sands Galaxy Black
[H] Black Pearl Emerald Pear
< br> [H] red beans white linen Apex White
[H] Red Sands Noisette Fleury Classico
[H] Red Dragon Stone Red Dragon
[H] red beige Filetto Rosso or Tranifiorito
[H] red jade Pink Porriny
[H] red violet color Kinawa
[H] Red Amethyst Lillas Gerais
[H] Red Diamond Carmen Red
[H] Red Diamonds Ma Carmen Red
[H] Lake Blue Lake Placid Blue
[H] Butterfly Green Butterfly Green
[H] butterfly dark green linen Verdre Butterfly
[H] Tiger Skin Red Tiger Skin
[H] tiger skin yellow Yellow Tiger Skin
[H] tiger stone Rosso Salome or Tiger Skin
[H] amber red Najran Red
[H] amber yellow Perlato Svevo
[H] Symphony Bara Ma Prata Ornamental
[H] Symphony beans Ma Ghibli
[H] Symphony of pink linen Pink Fanasty
[ ,H] Symphony of red Molticolor Red or Multicolor Red
[H] Black Xin spent hegrx black
[H] Symphony Gold Ma Giallo SF Peal
[H] Magic color green Martiaca or Multicolor Green
[H] Fantasy Snowflake Fantasy Snow
[H] Phantom Rose Rosa Bellissimo
[H] Princess Red Red Ruby
< br> [H] Queen Red Queen Rose
[H] Royal Cream Royal Beige
[H] Royal Cream Cream Royal
[H] Royal Crystal Bianco Royal
[H] Wong Mei Queen Rose
[H] Royal White Ma Camelia White
[H] Royal Brown Iundra Brown
[H] Royal Grey Royal Grey
[H] Royal beige Shukuh
[H] Twilight Rays Aurora Bianco
[H] Huang Jin Bala Giallo Veneziano
[H] Gold Ash Ma Bianco Argento
[H] Gold Ma Giallo Cecilia
[H] Gold Beige Jekmar Cream
[H] gold diamond Tropic Brown
[ ,H] Huang hole stone Travertino Romano
[H] Huang Lucy Stone Travertino Dune
[H] sand stone Perlato Sictlla
[H] ash red root Rosso Salome
[H] ash Jinhua Portoro
[H] Ash Rose Ash Rose
[H] Gray netted Grigio Carnico
[H] volcanic red Rosso Alicante
[H] volcanic Green Verde Lavars
[J] Venus Green Ma Donghae
[J] Jin Xuan Hung Homiat Red
[J] Coffee Pearl Star Ruby
[J] Jazz White Ajax or Drama White
[J] give La Sau er Huang Girasole
[J] old beige Botticino Classico
[J] San Francisco Green St.Francisco
[J] Classic Linen Yup Extra Classico
[J] Diamond Ma Giallo Fiorito or Giallo Veneziano Fiorito
[J] Jin Zhu Ma Amendoa
[J ] gold leaf Ma Golden Leaf
[J] Jaguar Red Jacaranda
[J] Jaguar Red (Argentina Red) Forest Green or Red Sierra Chica
[J] Jeddah Red Ruweidah Pink
[J] auspicious red PR Red
[J] Jiaduoliya (shallow) Caladonia (Light)
[J] Jiaduoliya ( deep) Caladonia
[J] Canada White Canadian White
[J] Canada black Lmabrian Black
[J] Canadian Red Canada Red or Emerald Pearl
[J] Canada scarlet Ma Vermillion
[J] Jin Ma California Giallo California
[J] California Gold Ma Imperial Califonia
[J] coffee pearl COFFEE PEARL
[J] Jiangxi Red Jhansi Red
[J] gold beige Perlato SF
[J] Fuji blue japan blue
[J] gold satin RAW SILK
[J] General Red Befast or Suya Pink
[J] dark reddish brown stone Golden Galaxy
[J] Caramel Gold Ma Caramelo Decorado
[J] gold color linen Giallo Veneziano
[J] Golden Point Blue Diamond Blue Galaxy
[J] Golden Ma Brazilian Light
[J] Jinhua sand stone Amarillo Fosil
[J] Golden Flower Beige Perlato Svevo
[J] Gold Symphony Fantasy Viyola
[J] Jinlong Ma Golden Drogen
[J] dragon beige Dragon Yellow
[J] Jin Ma Giallo Veneiiano
[J] leopard Stone Leopard Skin
[J] Jin Shabei Palissandro Classico
[J] Sands Black Black Galaxy
[J] golden sand Pallisandro Classico
[J] Sands Red Red Galaxy
[J] gold satin (red) Seta Yellow (Red)
[J] gold satin (light, medium) Seta Yellow (Light, Medium)
[J] Kingston beige Jazireh
[K] Chinese black Royal Mmhogany
[K] Peacock Green Peacock Green
[K] Ken Diya red Candia
[K] Kashmir White Kashmire White
[K] Ke Lima spent Seattle Cremo < br>
[K] Hyatt Red Breccia Oniciata
[K] Caesar's black Nero Galassia Fossice
[K] Caesar White Caesar White
[K] card Lamy Yellow Emperor wire Beige Castilla
[K] Kaluomubo Red Juparana Colombo
[K] 卡利多利亚 Caledonia L-Brown
[K] Caddo gray gravel Cardoso
[L] Dragon Red Indian Juparana
[L] Six Red Black Tiger
[L] Chestnut Red Rosa Chestnut
[L] Lee Dia Red Rosa Lydia
[L] eagle Peach Stone Edel Mahogany
[L] eagle red Kola Red
[L] Long Ze Red Ranza Green
< br> [L] spray white Spary White
[L] Blue teak Azu Imperial Peual
[L] Blue Star Peach Red Rosa Peach
[L] Blue Blue Ma Pearl
[L] Blue Sands Palissandro Blue
[L] Russ Diamond Ma Laranjeiras
[L] Laka Cream Cream Laca
[ ,L] Latin White White Sardo
[L] Green Labrador Labrador
[L] Rose to red Rosa Ghiandone
[L] Rosa jade Rosso Salome
[L] Rosa Red Rossa Framura
[ ,L] romantic coffee red Romantic Coffee
[L] Luoma Long Stone Sakhreh
[L] Rockville white Rockville White
[L] Green Diamond Ma Baltil Green < br>
[L] role in today Ma Verde Fountain
[L] Green Jade Green Onyx
[L] Green woo Red Balmoral Red
[L] Green Star Emrrald Pearl
[L] with mold Po Baltic Green
[L] Green Butterfly Verde Bahia
[L] Green Rose Green Rose
point [L] Lewis Silver Grey Duquesa
[L] LU beige Sanam
[L] longan Stone Dragon Eyes
[L] Dragon Stone (according to Tower Green) Ita Creen
[M] Wood Stone Serpenggiante
[M] Wood Yellow Wood-Grain Yellow
[M] Wood White Wood-Grain White
[M] dark green linen Verde Ubatuba
[M] Orlando Brown Magic Brown
[M] Mocha Green Mocca Green
[M] Red Rossa Milas Milas
[M] m Topaz Yellow Jade
[M] Monte Carlo White Multicolor White
[M] Monte Carlo Greek Dark Green or Multicocour Red
[M] of the United Red Camelia Pink
[M] the United States of White Camelia White
[M] the United States Silver Star Silver Star
[M] American mahogany stone Dakota Mahogany
[M] American Red Amethyst Dakota Mahogany
[M] American Kenaf American Red
[M] the United States of Kirkland gray Ma Diorite
[M] USA White linen Bethel White
[M] Rose Pearl Tumkur Red
[M] Rose Beige Cream Cotton
[M] Rose Green Ma Rose Green
[M] Rose Queen Diorite
[M] Rose Grey Duquesa or Pink Rose or Rosa Aurora or Rose Red
[M] Mongolia Black Mongolia Black
[M] rose color kenaf Pink Rose
[M] cat M Red Maoma Red
[M] Cat limestone Saint Luis
[M] Manhattan green Manhaton Green
[M] Mandelisi Grey Grigio Mondariz
[M] wheat beige Terista
[M] Mike Green Myk Green
[M] Ipanema red (dark) Tangelo Pink \
[M] Agate Jade Agate Jade
[M] Mary Green Mary Green
[M] Mageersha Green Mogalsar Green
[M] Ma Wei Hu Kenaf Macurai Tiger
[M] Martini Red Martini
[M] Celso Red Rosa Tea
[M] Manao Red Sea-Waue Flower
[N] Norway La gravel grain Breccia Novella
[N] Norwegian Red Rosa Norwegian or Rosso Norvegjan
[N] Norway White Togla White
[N ] Noix beige Cream Nuova
[N] Ni Wei White Crystal Bianco Neve
[N] Jin Sun, South Africa Yellow Sun
[N] South African deep black Belfast
[N] South African light black Rustenburg
[N] South African Red African Red
[N] Napoleon Gold Giallo Napoleone
[O] Learning Alliance Sha Green Orissa Green
[O] Ou Ruisha Blue Orissa Blue
[P] Apple Green Apple Green or Dark Green
[P] Padadisuo Paradiso
[P] Padadisuo Imperial Red
[Q] Ma Autumn Brown Autumn Brown
[Q] Green Amethyst Royal Mahogany
[Q] light brown flower Light Brown
[Q] purple color Paradiso
[R] Swedish Red Trawas Red
[R] Swedish Red Rosso Vanga
[R] milk Huang Limestone Yellow Limestone
[R] Zuja that red Rosso Luana
[R] Ru Bala that Red Juparana Rossa
[R] gray Sunshine White
Japan [R] Tropical Green Verde Tropical SF
[R] Tropical Green Tropical Green
[R] Tropical Tropical White White
[R] Tropical green tropical green
[R] Mayflower Rosa Egeo
[S] Rosin Huang Song Xiang Yellow
[S] Pine Green Pine Green
[S] Sri Lanka Sri-Lanka Gold Gold Ma
[S] Crystal jute Crystal Yellow
[S] Ma Crystal Pink Crystal Rose
[S] Crystal White Ma Crystal White
[S] tree pattern beige B Biancone B
[S] tree pattern beige A Biancone A
[S] Stant gray Stanstead Grey
[S] Ponegranate Red garnet
[S] Shidao red Peninsula Red
[S] Yves Saint Laurent Scuru or Tan Brown
[S] Saint Ruth Silver Saint Louis
[S] Red Rosso Santiago Santiago, or Santiago Red
[S] Victory Red Red LP
[S] coral Coralito or Rosso Alicante
[S] Landscape Green Kinawa Light
[S] partridge red gravel Berccia Pernice
[S] Shali Shi Red Pink Salisbury
[S] Sally White Sarry White
[S] Magic Double Loading beige Shabnam
[S] Xuan Fei Sha New Blue
[S] Saudi Pak Sunshine White
[S] Desert Green Desert Green
[S] Desert Brown Desert Brown
[S] Salle Red Sally Rosa
[S] Sha Po Green Stone Emerald Green
[S ] Shabadinuo Red Sabatino
[S] Forest Green Verde Forest
[S] San Francisco Green Verde San Franciso
[S] San Francisco gold ( deep) Giallo SF Real (Dark)
[S] San Francisco Gold (light) Giallo SF Real (Light)
[T] Wa Linqia Red Cream Cream Valencia
[T] Turkey rose Rosanice
[T] Turkish Rose Beige & Rose
[ ,T] translucent stone Sunshine Stone
[T] Paradise Blue Paradiso Blue
[T] super snow white Statuario Extra
[T] Premium White Super American White American
[T] Premium Rose Rosa Aurora Extra
[T] Thai white blue Tai Bai Black
[T] Prince Red Red Ruby
[T] the sun white Astra
[T] Pacific Green Pacific Pearl Pearl
[T] Pacific, dark green, Ma Pacific Ubatuba
Paris Fashion Week Autumn 0809 Review - Bowen Preview
08/09 Winter Paris Fashion Week Summary September 6, 2008
Photos: Paris Fashion Week Autumn 08/09 Review
< br>
08 Spring Paris Fashion Week is anything, colors, and sexy; the autumn and winter fashion week is a simple, restrained, delicate. New York, Milan, London Fashion Week, compared to Paris, autumn and winter clothing show, 100 lit, commendable in many ways.
Aspect 1: The extreme simplicity
on behalf of brands: CHANEL, Lanvin, Balenciaga, Yves Saint Laurent, Hermes
design increasingly sophisticated, tailored very much at home of Nicolas Ghesquiere This quarters Fashion Week shows are hot and rushing to report on the focus of fashion magazines. To focus on the female body from the curve of the structure moved to cut the proportion of Ghesquiere, Paris Fashion Week for the injection of fresh blood. Balenciaga skirt with spring flowers, the gentle family than autumn and winter series of extensive use of plastic (plastic) and rubber (latex), more tough. Whole series of elegant simplicity, with the Spanish drama style.
Aspect 2: bold luxury
behalf of the brand: Alexander McQueen, Dior
Alexander McQueen has had no shortage of weird ideas; his show moved from London to Paris after death, still personal flavor. The inspiration comes from \Another part of the show is very exotic India.
Aspect 3: Personalized Girl
on behalf of the brand: Chloe, Miu Miu
Miu Miu's autumn and winter series is absolutely beyond everyone's expectations. PRADA like her sister did not take the lace as hollow line,zero skateboards, not as usual shape the sweet girl. Miu Miu autumn and winter clothing to the main campaign to play,south indian cooking, completely breaking the trend of the recent Fashion Week. Miuccia Prada's designs are always ahead, leading the trend, and perhaps popular movement to re-wind it back then?
Photos: Paris Fashion Week Autumn 08/09 Review
< br>
08 Spring Paris Fashion Week is anything, colors, and sexy; the autumn and winter fashion week is a simple, restrained, delicate. New York, Milan, London Fashion Week, compared to Paris, autumn and winter clothing show, 100 lit, commendable in many ways.
Aspect 1: The extreme simplicity
on behalf of brands: CHANEL, Lanvin, Balenciaga, Yves Saint Laurent, Hermes
design increasingly sophisticated, tailored very much at home of Nicolas Ghesquiere This quarters Fashion Week shows are hot and rushing to report on the focus of fashion magazines. To focus on the female body from the curve of the structure moved to cut the proportion of Ghesquiere, Paris Fashion Week for the injection of fresh blood. Balenciaga skirt with spring flowers, the gentle family than autumn and winter series of extensive use of plastic (plastic) and rubber (latex), more tough. Whole series of elegant simplicity, with the Spanish drama style.
Aspect 2: bold luxury
behalf of the brand: Alexander McQueen, Dior
Alexander McQueen has had no shortage of weird ideas; his show moved from London to Paris after death, still personal flavor. The inspiration comes from \Another part of the show is very exotic India.
Aspect 3: Personalized Girl
on behalf of the brand: Chloe, Miu Miu
Miu Miu's autumn and winter series is absolutely beyond everyone's expectations. PRADA like her sister did not take the lace as hollow line,zero skateboards, not as usual shape the sweet girl. Miu Miu autumn and winter clothing to the main campaign to play,south indian cooking, completely breaking the trend of the recent Fashion Week. Miuccia Prada's designs are always ahead, leading the trend, and perhaps popular movement to re-wind it back then?
Original Shanxi History Tour Guide - Bowen Preview
Original Shanxi History Tour Guide August 29, 2010
the past few days saw a very interesting book \Because this book is also very good in a way that a general history of Shanxi, Shanxi interpretation of history, could not help but write about them so that we encourage each other!
We all know that the world has four to ancient civilizations, Egypt, Babi Lun, India, China, but ancient history, only the ancient Chinese civilization has been passed down, all the other disappear! The strange thing is the cradle of ancient civilization occurred in the watershed areas, such as ancient Egypt the Nile River, ancient India, the Ganges basin, Gubabilun with Mesopotamia: the Tigris and Euphrates, the ancient Chinese Yellow River! The Yellow River flows through a lot of places,easy indian recipes, most of the birthplace of Chinese civilization, but she left the spirit of Shanxi,zero skateboards, the famous Hukou is her soul, while Shanxi is also called as one of the cradles of Chinese civilization! No wonder the tourism circle there is a saying that says: The years of upheaval in Shenzhen, a century of vicissitudes of Shanghai, thousands of years to see Beijing and three years of culture in Shanxi, Shanxi's five thousand years of civilization! To be continued (2010 Aug. 29 Li)
the past few days saw a very interesting book \Because this book is also very good in a way that a general history of Shanxi, Shanxi interpretation of history, could not help but write about them so that we encourage each other!
We all know that the world has four to ancient civilizations, Egypt, Babi Lun, India, China, but ancient history, only the ancient Chinese civilization has been passed down, all the other disappear! The strange thing is the cradle of ancient civilization occurred in the watershed areas, such as ancient Egypt the Nile River, ancient India, the Ganges basin, Gubabilun with Mesopotamia: the Tigris and Euphrates, the ancient Chinese Yellow River! The Yellow River flows through a lot of places,easy indian recipes, most of the birthplace of Chinese civilization, but she left the spirit of Shanxi,zero skateboards, the famous Hukou is her soul, while Shanxi is also called as one of the cradles of Chinese civilization! No wonder the tourism circle there is a saying that says: The years of upheaval in Shenzhen, a century of vicissitudes of Shanghai, thousands of years to see Beijing and three years of culture in Shanxi, Shanxi's five thousand years of civilization! To be continued (2010 Aug. 29 Li)
Monday, August 30, 2010
Knowledge Games 100 title (1 ~ 50 items) love love the Games in Guangzhou, please reprinted Ha ~ - B
Knowledge Games 100 title (1 ~ 50 items) love love the Games in Guangzhou, please Reprinted Kazakhstan ~ April 17, 2010
1, (A) is Asia's largest, highest level of multi-sports .
Olympic Games
A B C D Paralympic Winter Games
2, of the 1st Asian Games held in 1951, to 2001 held a total of (B) sessions.
A 12 B 13 C 14 D 15
3, the Asian Games every (B) annual session.
A 2 B 4 C 3 D 8
4,1912 years after (C) 3 national YMCA organization in the United States-General to initiate the establishment of the \
A China, India, Japan
B Philippines, South Korea, India
C China, Japan, the Philippines
D China, India, Indonesia
5, the Far East Games of track and field, swimming, football, basketball, baseball, tennis, volleyball seven projects, representing at the time (D) the highest level of competitive sports.
A B Far East, Southeast Asia nations C D world
6, the official organization for the Asian Games (B).
A Olympic Council of Asia Olympic Council of B C D Asian Olympic Committee International Olympic Committee
7, after World War II, India (A) set up a claim, including all Asian countries and regions to participate in the intercontinental Games - Asian Games. For which he negotiated with several Asian countries have actively made a major effort, so he called the \
A Guru? Sandy B Singh, C Fanerjiasi D Thales
8,1949 on February 12 -13 days, (D) invited the Philippines, Myanmar, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Thailand, representatives of national sports organizations, met in New Delhi, inaugurated the meeting the \Asian Games Federation \Japan, South Korea
A B C D India, China
9, Guangzhou Asian Games Volunteer slogan is (D).
A Asia B together wonderful, because you came C One World, One Dream, D-up, more exciting
10, the Guangzhou Asian Games slogan is (C).
A Asia wonderful, wonderful world acclaim B, because you are from C Action Asia, moved to Asia, the world excellent interpretation D
11, mostly for the Olympic Games project events, while (D) according to their own conditions and movement skills appropriate co-opted.
A participating country in Asia B C D host the Asian Games Council
12,2006 on December 12 at the 110-meter hurdles final, Liu Xiang, \
A 13 秒 27 B 13 秒 13 C 12 88 D 13 seconds 15 秒
13,1949, the Asian Games Federation with all the representatives unanimously agreed to accept (B) for the Asian Games slogan.
A \the integration of people \
14, the first Asian Games (1951) slogan (B).
A red sun will never move forward B C D games in your life lives sky
15, the Guangzhou Asian Games will run concept is (A)?
A. \
B. \
C. \
D. \
16, the beginning,easy indian recipes, the Far East will only China, Japan, the Philippines, three countries participated in the ninth from the (C) also joined.
A United States,south indian cooking, South Korea, North Korea
B South Korea, India, United States
C India, Indonesia, Vietnam
D Indonesia, Vietnam, South Korea
17, the 1st Asian Games in 1951 in India (A) hold.
New Delhi, Prague,
A B C D Mumbai, Kolkata
18,1974 China (A) to participate in the seventh Asian Games in Tehran, the 19-year-old Yamin to score 555 in one fell swoop ring 25 meters to break the women's standard of 60 rounds of pistol shooting world record be that the only Asian Games athletes break world records.
A third time the first B C D seventh meeting of the Fourth
19, history of hosting the Asian Games is the largest number of which city? (B)
New Delhi, Bangkok,
A B C D Doha Los Angeles
20, the Federation of Asian Games, the task is: on schedule (C).
A Winter Asian Games and Paralympic Games
B Asian Games and the Olympic Games
C Asian Games and the Winter Asian Games
D Games and Paralympic Games
21, the predecessor of the Far East Asian Games and the West Asian Games. Every 4 years, alternating with the Olympic Games held in duration (B) days.
A 14 B 16 C 18 D 24
22, the Guangzhou Asian Games competition venues set _____ and ____ independent training venues? (C)
A. 30, 40 B. 60, 10 C. 50, 20 D. 40 个, 30
23, will the Asian Games in Guangzhou Asian Games are the sessions? (B)
A fifteenth sixteenth B C D eighteenth seventeenth
24,1913 Manila in the Philippines was held (A) Far Eastern Games.
A second session of the first B C D Tenth fifth
25, the eleventh Beijing Asian Games mascot is (C).
A. Tuan Tuan B. C. Pan Pan D looked round
26, the Guangzhou Asian Games in 2010 the opening day of the month (C)
A. 7 月 12 日 B. 9 月 12 日 C. 11 D 12 月 12 日 12 日 月
27, of New China, which participated for the first time next Asian Games? (C)
A B 5th 6th 7th D. C. 8th
28, the first Chinese city to host the Asian Games (B)
A. Shanghai B. Beijing C. Tianjin, Guangzhou D
29, the Guangzhou Asian Games mascot is (C)
A. hi lazy Frankie B. Frankie Frankie D, C. LeYangyang
30, the first sessions of the Asian Games athletes to begin drug testing? (C)
A third of the first B Seventh D. C. thirteenth
31, China held the Asian Games is the first year is (B)
A 1986 年 B.1990 D 1998 年 years in C.1994
32, Hong Kong in the first sessions of the Asian Games for the first time the name of Hong Kong, China to participate in Asian Games (A)
A. B. thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth C D sixteenth
33, Chinese Taipei delegation in the first sessions of the Asian Games, Asian Games return to the family? (C)
A. C. seventh B of the Ninth Eleventh Thirteenth D
34, the first sessions of the Asian Games, Asian Games Village is the first built? (C)
A of the first B of the third C. Fourth Fifth D.
35, the previous Asian Games, the youngest contestant entry only (A).
A.7 B 13 years C 17 years D 19 years old
36, China in the medals table at several Asian summit to achieve? (D)
A. First session of the seventh B C D Eighth Ninth
37, Asian Games, Asian Games history, the smallest is (A).
A. First B. Second session of the fourth C of the third D
38, the date is 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games (A).
A 11 月 12 日 至 27 月 12 日 日 B 11 日 至 28 月 12 日 至 C 10 D 10 月 27 日 至 28 日 12 日
39, the first sessions of the Asian Games torch relay spread to all participating countries and regions (D)
A. Tenth Eleventh B C fifteenth fourteenth D.
40, the world record the first sessions of the largest Asian Games Asian Games (A)
A. twelfth B. D thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth C
41, when China's first Asian Games medal table ranking the first of several? (B)
A. First B. Second C Third Fourth D
42, Asian Games torch relay in the history of the Games is the longest term (D).
A. twelfth B. D thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth C
43, the difference between Asian Games and the Olympic Games do not include (D).
A. different regional competitions in different B. D. C. Participants held in different countries with different
44, Guangzhou in the year to determine which bid to host the 2010 Asian Games? (C)
A1998 B.2000 C.2002 D.2004
45, which city was the first Asian Games held in within two years straight, the Olympic city? (D)
A. B. Bangkok, Thailand Beijing, China, Tokyo, Japan, D. C. Seoul, Korea
46, at the 15th Asian Games, the Chinese delegation several consecutive Asian Games gold medal aspirations to list first? (C)
A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 9
47, only China and the Asian Games history, which country has won more than half in the next Asian Games gold medal? (C)
A. Malaysia B. Indonesia, the Philippines, C. Japan D.
48, Asian Games, Asian Games in Guangzhou City, the site located? (D)
A. B. Wu Yang New City Pearl River New Town D. C. Guangzhou Baiyun New City
49, the Guangzhou Asian Games in which year become the host city? (D)
In years
A.2001 B.2002 C.2003 D.2004 years on
50, the first Asian Games torch of fire from which city? (A)
A. B. New Delhi, India Manila, Philippines, Tokyo, Japan, D. C.
Jakarta, Indonesia
1, (A) is Asia's largest, highest level of multi-sports .
Olympic Games
A B C D Paralympic Winter Games
2, of the 1st Asian Games held in 1951, to 2001 held a total of (B) sessions.
A 12 B 13 C 14 D 15
3, the Asian Games every (B) annual session.
A 2 B 4 C 3 D 8
4,1912 years after (C) 3 national YMCA organization in the United States-General to initiate the establishment of the \
A China, India, Japan
B Philippines, South Korea, India
C China, Japan, the Philippines
D China, India, Indonesia
5, the Far East Games of track and field, swimming, football, basketball, baseball, tennis, volleyball seven projects, representing at the time (D) the highest level of competitive sports.
A B Far East, Southeast Asia nations C D world
6, the official organization for the Asian Games (B).
A Olympic Council of Asia Olympic Council of B C D Asian Olympic Committee International Olympic Committee
7, after World War II, India (A) set up a claim, including all Asian countries and regions to participate in the intercontinental Games - Asian Games. For which he negotiated with several Asian countries have actively made a major effort, so he called the \
A Guru? Sandy B Singh, C Fanerjiasi D Thales
8,1949 on February 12 -13 days, (D) invited the Philippines, Myanmar, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Thailand, representatives of national sports organizations, met in New Delhi, inaugurated the meeting the \Asian Games Federation \Japan, South Korea
A B C D India, China
9, Guangzhou Asian Games Volunteer slogan is (D).
A Asia B together wonderful, because you came C One World, One Dream, D-up, more exciting
10, the Guangzhou Asian Games slogan is (C).
A Asia wonderful, wonderful world acclaim B, because you are from C Action Asia, moved to Asia, the world excellent interpretation D
11, mostly for the Olympic Games project events, while (D) according to their own conditions and movement skills appropriate co-opted.
A participating country in Asia B C D host the Asian Games Council
12,2006 on December 12 at the 110-meter hurdles final, Liu Xiang, \
A 13 秒 27 B 13 秒 13 C 12 88 D 13 seconds 15 秒
13,1949, the Asian Games Federation with all the representatives unanimously agreed to accept (B) for the Asian Games slogan.
A \the integration of people \
14, the first Asian Games (1951) slogan (B).
A red sun will never move forward B C D games in your life lives sky
15, the Guangzhou Asian Games will run concept is (A)?
A. \
B. \
C. \
D. \
16, the beginning,easy indian recipes, the Far East will only China, Japan, the Philippines, three countries participated in the ninth from the (C) also joined.
A United States,south indian cooking, South Korea, North Korea
B South Korea, India, United States
C India, Indonesia, Vietnam
D Indonesia, Vietnam, South Korea
17, the 1st Asian Games in 1951 in India (A) hold.
New Delhi, Prague,
A B C D Mumbai, Kolkata
18,1974 China (A) to participate in the seventh Asian Games in Tehran, the 19-year-old Yamin to score 555 in one fell swoop ring 25 meters to break the women's standard of 60 rounds of pistol shooting world record be that the only Asian Games athletes break world records.
A third time the first B C D seventh meeting of the Fourth
19, history of hosting the Asian Games is the largest number of which city? (B)
New Delhi, Bangkok,
A B C D Doha Los Angeles
20, the Federation of Asian Games, the task is: on schedule (C).
A Winter Asian Games and Paralympic Games
B Asian Games and the Olympic Games
C Asian Games and the Winter Asian Games
D Games and Paralympic Games
21, the predecessor of the Far East Asian Games and the West Asian Games. Every 4 years, alternating with the Olympic Games held in duration (B) days.
A 14 B 16 C 18 D 24
22, the Guangzhou Asian Games competition venues set _____ and ____ independent training venues? (C)
A. 30, 40 B. 60, 10 C. 50, 20 D. 40 个, 30
23, will the Asian Games in Guangzhou Asian Games are the sessions? (B)
A fifteenth sixteenth B C D eighteenth seventeenth
24,1913 Manila in the Philippines was held (A) Far Eastern Games.
A second session of the first B C D Tenth fifth
25, the eleventh Beijing Asian Games mascot is (C).
A. Tuan Tuan B. C. Pan Pan D looked round
26, the Guangzhou Asian Games in 2010 the opening day of the month (C)
A. 7 月 12 日 B. 9 月 12 日 C. 11 D 12 月 12 日 12 日 月
27, of New China, which participated for the first time next Asian Games? (C)
A B 5th 6th 7th D. C. 8th
28, the first Chinese city to host the Asian Games (B)
A. Shanghai B. Beijing C. Tianjin, Guangzhou D
29, the Guangzhou Asian Games mascot is (C)
A. hi lazy Frankie B. Frankie Frankie D, C. LeYangyang
30, the first sessions of the Asian Games athletes to begin drug testing? (C)
A third of the first B Seventh D. C. thirteenth
31, China held the Asian Games is the first year is (B)
A 1986 年 B.1990 D 1998 年 years in C.1994
32, Hong Kong in the first sessions of the Asian Games for the first time the name of Hong Kong, China to participate in Asian Games (A)
A. B. thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth C D sixteenth
33, Chinese Taipei delegation in the first sessions of the Asian Games, Asian Games return to the family? (C)
A. C. seventh B of the Ninth Eleventh Thirteenth D
34, the first sessions of the Asian Games, Asian Games Village is the first built? (C)
A of the first B of the third C. Fourth Fifth D.
35, the previous Asian Games, the youngest contestant entry only (A).
A.7 B 13 years C 17 years D 19 years old
36, China in the medals table at several Asian summit to achieve? (D)
A. First session of the seventh B C D Eighth Ninth
37, Asian Games, Asian Games history, the smallest is (A).
A. First B. Second session of the fourth C of the third D
38, the date is 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games (A).
A 11 月 12 日 至 27 月 12 日 日 B 11 日 至 28 月 12 日 至 C 10 D 10 月 27 日 至 28 日 12 日
39, the first sessions of the Asian Games torch relay spread to all participating countries and regions (D)
A. Tenth Eleventh B C fifteenth fourteenth D.
40, the world record the first sessions of the largest Asian Games Asian Games (A)
A. twelfth B. D thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth C
41, when China's first Asian Games medal table ranking the first of several? (B)
A. First B. Second C Third Fourth D
42, Asian Games torch relay in the history of the Games is the longest term (D).
A. twelfth B. D thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth C
43, the difference between Asian Games and the Olympic Games do not include (D).
A. different regional competitions in different B. D. C. Participants held in different countries with different
44, Guangzhou in the year to determine which bid to host the 2010 Asian Games? (C)
A1998 B.2000 C.2002 D.2004
45, which city was the first Asian Games held in within two years straight, the Olympic city? (D)
A. B. Bangkok, Thailand Beijing, China, Tokyo, Japan, D. C. Seoul, Korea
46, at the 15th Asian Games, the Chinese delegation several consecutive Asian Games gold medal aspirations to list first? (C)
A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 9
47, only China and the Asian Games history, which country has won more than half in the next Asian Games gold medal? (C)
A. Malaysia B. Indonesia, the Philippines, C. Japan D.
48, Asian Games, Asian Games in Guangzhou City, the site located? (D)
A. B. Wu Yang New City Pearl River New Town D. C. Guangzhou Baiyun New City
49, the Guangzhou Asian Games in which year become the host city? (D)
In years
A.2001 B.2002 C.2003 D.2004 years on
50, the first Asian Games torch of fire from which city? (A)
A. B. New Delhi, India Manila, Philippines, Tokyo, Japan, D. C.
Jakarta, Indonesia
Experts say there are errors reported against super-bacteria as a flow of SARS - Bowen Preview
Experts say there are errors reported against super-bacteria as a flow of SARS 19 hours ago ,south indian cooking
Nanfang Daily (Reporter / Chen Feng) India the emergence of a new \for the recent domestic and foreign media reports, Guangdong well-known infectious diseases expert Jianfeng told Nanfang Daily yesterday, an interview made it clear that the report is wrong, this discovery actually not a new kind of foreign bacteria, but a new \, can enhance a variety of bacterial resistance, but the harm does not like SARS, as a flow severely, the public need not panic.
reported tracing
British \\, 170 people have been infected worldwide, of which at least five people were killed the United Kingdom. Hong Kong Department of Health as early as last October on a 66-year-old in an Indian male patient's urine samples were found containing NDM-1 of E. coli, but the patient has been discharged.
the report has aroused strong dissatisfaction with the health sector in India, said the bacteria and the Indian capital New Delhi that link is not fair. Indian experts have said the report \
reporter has learned that the recent reports and polls from the UK basically well-known medical journal \Their study suggests that patients over the Indian subcontinent, called NDM-1 gene. This will change the bacterial gene to make them resistant to most antibiotics, has now spread to go to India or with India and Pakistan have linked the British patients. As for the specific ways in which to spread, the article did not quote too much.
experts puzzled
two kinds of antibiotics are still effective, large hospitals have a reserve of Guangdong
\He Jianfeng, director, said yesterday that under the \Klebsiella pneumoniae, two bacteria. Stronger ability of this gene duplication, replication can be integrated, so that made the final integration of a variety of bacteria resistant.
\These two antibiotics are still in force. Also known as the \Large hospitals in Guangdong have reserve these types of antibiotics.
how much damage this drug resistance gene in the end, will, like SARS, influenza A H1N1 influenza as ferocious? Jianfeng that, in fact, bacterial resistance is an old topic, not the first time, like a few years appeared before the multiple drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, and no cause global damage. In addition,easy indian recipes, this gene is only a number of species of bacteria can enhance the resistance Xing, too, increasing Zhi Liao De difficulty, Dan is not the emergence of a deadly bacteria 新, more is not there, like SARS, influenza A H1N1 influenza Zheyangzhijie attack people's Xinxing virus.
event alerts
serious abuse of antibiotics in China must be radical
Health Department of Guangdong Province Huang Fei, deputy director said that mainland China is not yet present NDM-1 case report However, Health Department of Guangdong Province, has been closely watching development of the incident and requested technical preparations to monitor disease control departments do a good job.
He Jianfeng, said the new \The incident reminds us that attention must be given very serious domestic abuse of antibiotics. Now the patient a little cold, doctors often prescribe antibiotics to large, long run lead to emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria, treatment more difficult. This issue has been a serious threat to public health, must be determined to eradicate.
Nanfang Daily (Reporter / Chen Feng) India the emergence of a new \for the recent domestic and foreign media reports, Guangdong well-known infectious diseases expert Jianfeng told Nanfang Daily yesterday, an interview made it clear that the report is wrong, this discovery actually not a new kind of foreign bacteria, but a new \, can enhance a variety of bacterial resistance, but the harm does not like SARS, as a flow severely, the public need not panic.
reported tracing
British \\, 170 people have been infected worldwide, of which at least five people were killed the United Kingdom. Hong Kong Department of Health as early as last October on a 66-year-old in an Indian male patient's urine samples were found containing NDM-1 of E. coli, but the patient has been discharged.
the report has aroused strong dissatisfaction with the health sector in India, said the bacteria and the Indian capital New Delhi that link is not fair. Indian experts have said the report \
reporter has learned that the recent reports and polls from the UK basically well-known medical journal \Their study suggests that patients over the Indian subcontinent, called NDM-1 gene. This will change the bacterial gene to make them resistant to most antibiotics, has now spread to go to India or with India and Pakistan have linked the British patients. As for the specific ways in which to spread, the article did not quote too much.
experts puzzled
two kinds of antibiotics are still effective, large hospitals have a reserve of Guangdong
\He Jianfeng, director, said yesterday that under the \Klebsiella pneumoniae, two bacteria. Stronger ability of this gene duplication, replication can be integrated, so that made the final integration of a variety of bacteria resistant.
\These two antibiotics are still in force. Also known as the \Large hospitals in Guangdong have reserve these types of antibiotics.
how much damage this drug resistance gene in the end, will, like SARS, influenza A H1N1 influenza as ferocious? Jianfeng that, in fact, bacterial resistance is an old topic, not the first time, like a few years appeared before the multiple drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, and no cause global damage. In addition,easy indian recipes, this gene is only a number of species of bacteria can enhance the resistance Xing, too, increasing Zhi Liao De difficulty, Dan is not the emergence of a deadly bacteria 新, more is not there, like SARS, influenza A H1N1 influenza Zheyangzhijie attack people's Xinxing virus.
event alerts
serious abuse of antibiotics in China must be radical
Health Department of Guangdong Province Huang Fei, deputy director said that mainland China is not yet present NDM-1 case report However, Health Department of Guangdong Province, has been closely watching development of the incident and requested technical preparations to monitor disease control departments do a good job.
He Jianfeng, said the new \The incident reminds us that attention must be given very serious domestic abuse of antibiotics. Now the patient a little cold, doctors often prescribe antibiotics to large, long run lead to emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria, treatment more difficult. This issue has been a serious threat to public health, must be determined to eradicate.
The most complete foreign trade website, please support the reproduced - Bowen Preview
The most complete foreign trade website, please support Reprinted July 5, 2010
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International Trade / Export Portal (Federation of International Trade Associations) (FITA): organized by the Federation of International Trade, with North America 300 000 Business Directory.
Website:;
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Contact: EUROCHAMBRES Rue Archimède 5 Box 4, B-1000 Brussels (Belgium)
Tel: (32-2) 282.08.50
Fax: (32 - 2) 230.00.38
E-mail: eurochambres@eurochambres.be
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Website:;;
Thomas European Business Directory (Thomas Register of European Manufactures) buyers guide to European industrial enterprises, including 17 countries in Europe's 180,000 industrial products supplier information.
Website:;;
London Chamber of Commerce: containing a series of chapters.
Website:;;
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URL:;;
E-mail: gftuhq@gftu.org.uk
Corporate Information: United States, Canada, Germany, Japan, Britain, France, Italy, the general introduction, covering 350,000 enterprises , research reports,south indian cooking, business information.
Website:;;
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Website:;;
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Brin Website:;;
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URL:
German Foreign Information Service web site:;;
Infobel.com: to provide a variety of ways Belgian enterprises.
Website:
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URL:;;
the Netherlands Organization for imports from developing countries
URL:;;
Finnish Foreign Trade Association Web site:;;
Finland Trade Federation (Federation of Finnish Commerce and Trade) (FFCT): a wholesalers and retailers, including the national organization.
Website:;;
Address: Mannerheimintie 76 A PO BOX 150 00251 HELSINKI
Tel. 358 9-431 560
Fax 358 9-4315 6302
E-mail : guy.wires @ kaupankl.fi
Malta External Trade Association (The Malta External Trade Corporation) (METCO)
URL:;;
Norwegian company directory (Norway Companies directory) to provide the Norwegian company's corporate directory.
Website:;;
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URL:;;
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URL:;;
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Website:;;
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URL:;;
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URL:;;
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Website:;;
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URL:;;
of Commerce and Industry of Slovenia: a list of enterprises (in Chinese).
Website:;;
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URL:
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Website:
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
URL:
Address: APEC Secretariat 438 Alexandra Road, # 14-00, Alexandra Point, Singapore 119958.
Tel: 65-276-1880
Fax: 65-276-1775
E-mail: Web site describes the important trade and economic class
Government
State Information Center, Government of India website directory
Commerce and Industry
Finance and Corporate Affairs (Finance)
Ministry of Finance consumption tax and customs of the Central Committee
Ministry of Finance Customs Valuation Department
India, the Central Economic Intelligence Bureau
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of National Defense
Interior
Northeast Regional Committee
Privatization
Communications and Ministry of Information Industry and Ministry of Communication Division
Communications Division
Telecommunications Authority of India India Post
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Ministry of Small Business
Railway Ministry of Oil and Gas
Ministry of Electric Power Department of the Central Electricity Authority
Ministry of Civil Aviation Ministry of Road Transport and Highway National Highway Authority of India
< br>
Maritime Division, Ministry of Rural Development
Department of Health and Family Welfare Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Bureau
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation < br>
Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Science and
the Ministry of Justice Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation and Statistics Division
Unconventional Energy
< br> Department of heavy industry and state-owned enterprises
Steel Ministry of Textiles Ministry of Food Processing Industry
the Ministry of Coal and Mineral
environment and Department of Water Resources Forest Department
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urban development and poverty reduction
Commerce and Industry Ministry of the Secretariat of Industrial Assistance
< br> Business and Industry Council
agricultural exports seafood Commerce and Industry Export Promotion Council of India Special Economic Zone
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Chennai, Bangalore Customs Customs
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Calcutta Chennai Port
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Indian Consulate General in Shanghai
the Consulate General of India,indian curry recipes, India
Reserve Bank of
Reserve Bank of India Exchange Control Department
ICICI Bank Export-Import Bank of India Bank of
Industrial Development Bank of India < br>
Indian industry investment banking firm
India, Indian Overseas Bank Insurance Management and Development Board
India State Bank of India National Insurance Company
Life Insurance Company of India Union Bank of India, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce
Confederation of Indian Industry Confederation of Indian Export Organization
India Trade Promotion Organization
Building Materials and Technology Promotion
Electronics and Computer Software Export Promotion Council
National Association of Software Service Companies
< br> Cotton Textiles Export Promotion Council Carpet Export Promotion Council
Handicrafts Export Promotion Council
Indian Tea Board of India Merchant Chamber of Commerce
< br> All India Plastics Manufacturers Association
Jewellery Export Promotion Council
Mumbai, India and China Chamber of Commerce Chamber of Commerce Builders Association of India
organizations. It provides information on Iran's trade association publications, business directories, the U.S. trade sanctions observation. Is a non-governmental organizations, no race and political orientation (in English).
Website:;;
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URL:;;
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URL:;;
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Website:;;
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Website:;;
E-mail: info@dwtc.com
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Website:
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Website:;
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Website:;
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URL:;
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URL:;
New Zealand Chamber of Commerce Website:
Fiji Trade and Investment Bureau (The Fiji Trade And Investment Bureau) (FTIB)
URL:;
IAfrica is to introduce the African business website
URL:;
Trade Egypt (The Egyptian Trading Directory)
URL:;
Swaziland Chamber of Commerce Website:
Zimbabwe Trade Point
URL:;
Address: ZimTrade Head Office 7th Floor Dolphin House Leopold Takawira / Union Avenue POBox 2738, Harare
Tel: 263-4 771642 771665
Fax: 263-4 771730
E-mail: info@zimtrade.co.zw
Mauritius Chamber of Commerce Website:
Port Elizabeth Chamber of Commerce
URL:;
country profile of Morocco (Morocco Country Profile) provided by the New Zealand Trade Development Board.
Website:
- Trade Website Daquan
Economic and Commercial Counsellor of Chinese embassies Department (General Form)
Japan:
Vietnam:
Korea:
India:
Thailand:
Philippines:
Indonesia:
Korea:
Russia:
Sweden:
Estonia:
Belarus:
Lithuania:
Ukraine:
Kazakhstan:
Czech Republic:
Slovakia:
Poland:
UK:
Ireland:
Latvia:
Albania:
France:
Germany:
Spain:
Italy:
Hungary:
Bulgaria:
< br> Austria:
Denmark:
Romania:
Finland:
Norway:
Netherlands:
Belgium:
Egypt:
Nigeria:
South Africa:
Tanzania:
Kenya:
United Arab Emirates:
Israel:
the United States:
Canada:
Mexico:
Peru:
Argentina:
Brazil:
Chile:
[India] Web site describes the important trade and economic class
Government
State Information Center, Government of India website directory
Commerce and Industry
Finance and Corporate Affairs (Finance)
Ministry of Finance consumption tax and customs of the Central Committee
Ministry of Finance Customs Valuation Department
India, the Central Economic Intelligence Bureau
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of National Defense
Interior
Northeast Regional Committee
Privatization
Communications and Ministry of Information Industry and Ministry of Communication Division
Communications Division
Telecommunications Authority of India India Post
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Ministry of Small Business
Railway Ministry of Oil and Gas
Ministry of Electric Power Department of the Central Electricity Authority
Ministry of Civil Aviation Ministry of Road Transport and Highway National Highway Authority of India
< br>
Maritime Division, Ministry of Rural Development
Department of Health and Family Welfare Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Bureau
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation < br>
Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Science and
the Ministry of Justice Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation and Statistics Division
Unconventional Energy
< br> Department of heavy industry and state-owned enterprises
Steel Ministry of Textiles Ministry of Food Processing Industry
the Ministry of Coal and Mineral
environment and Department of Water Resources Forest Department
Commerce and Industry Foreign Trade Administration
urban development and poverty reduction
Commerce and Industry Ministry of the Secretariat of Industrial Assistance
< br> Business and Industry Council
agricultural exports seafood Commerce and Industry Export Promotion Council of India Special Economic Zone
Bombay Mumbai Airport Customs Customs
Chennai, Bangalore Customs Customs
Mumbai Port Authority Port Authority
Calcutta Chennai Port
Mabon Government
Software Technology Parks of India Embassy of India
Indian Consulate General in Shanghai
the Consulate General of India, India
Reserve Bank of
Reserve Bank of India Exchange Control Department
ICICI Bank Export-Import Bank of India Bank of
Industrial Development Bank of India < br>
Indian industry investment banking firm
India, Indian Overseas Bank Insurance Management and Development Board
India State Bank of India National Insurance Company
Life Insurance Company of India Union Bank of India, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce
Confederation of Indian Industry Confederation of Indian Export Organization
India Trade Promotion Organization
Building Materials and Technology Promotion
Electronics and Computer Software Export Promotion Council
National Association of Software Service Companies
< br> Cotton Textiles Export Promotion Council Carpet Export Promotion Council
Handicrafts Export Promotion Council
Indian Tea Board of India Merchant Chamber of Commerce
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The most expensive wood furniture - Bowen Preview
The most expensive wood furniture June 19, 2010
Agarwood
domestic sinensis. Also known as submerged incense, Agarwood, ear incense, the sink, white woods, Hainan, incense, incense daughter, Wan Hong, South China, Hong Shen knives. Thymelaeaceae Aquilaria sinensis plant from Aquilariasinensis (Lour) Gilg heartwood containing resin.
incense into the 1st Hong (quality re-fragrant), the 2nd Hong (hard and fragrant), the 3rd Hong (quality loose, smell good), the 4th Hong (quality floating loose Hong light) four kinds of specifications. Its irregular shape, uneven surface often isolated and dead wood-like, with knife marks, with occasional holes, showing dark brown resin and white wood yellow stripes.
imported incense
also known as submerged Hong, Yan gum, Penglai Hong, dense fragrance of orchids fragrant, green cinnamon, etc. (The above document name). Plants from Thymelaeaceae Aquilaria (Aquilaria agal-lochaRoxb) heartwood containing resin. Is mainly produced in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Cambodia, Iran, Thailand.
Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, said the study produced a new state incense fragrance, best quality, the smell of burning is quiet and will last. Vietnam's production of incense often called Hoi An Hong, lesser quality, the smell of burning Shenshan, with a sweet, but not for long.
imported incense often isolated or irregular cylindrical rod, the surface is brown or gray and black; quality hard and heavy, will sink in water or semi-submerged in water; smell darker, burn the fat, smoke, strong aroma. Imports of Aquilaria of tepid, Bitterpungent. With Qi pain, temperature in the antiemetic, the effectiveness of qi and relieve asthma, efficacy than the good of Aquilaria sinensis.
Aquilaria Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg Thymelaeaceae evergreen tree, 6-20 m high, dbh 50-90 cm; bark dark gray, smooth, endothelial white, fiber developed, easy peeling. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, ovate or obovate. Flowers fragrant, pubescent, calyx bell-shaped light.
sinensis, also known as incense, is a unique and valuable medicinal plants. As the trees taken very seriously in Hong injury, the more concentrated the distribution of trees have been cut down and exhausted, are only a few scattered in the remaining plants. Mainly located in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan and other places. General elevation of 400 meters was born in Hainan can last up to 1,000 meters above sea level. HI layer thickness, humus and more humid, loose brick red or yellow mountain. Multi-born mountain rain forest or semi-evergreen monsoon rain forest.
medicinal aloes is due to operation of this kind of tree invasion after parasitic fungi, enzymes in the body under the action of bacteria, so that the starch storage parenchyma cells of wood to produce a series of changes, resulting eventually in balsam, after years of deposition derived. For sustainable use, protection and development of the urgent need of valuable medicinal plants.
information ②: Incense
domestic sinensis. Also known as submerged incense, Agarwood, ear incense, the sink, white woods, Hainan, incense, incense daughter, Wan Hong, South China, Hong Shen knives. Thymelaeaceae Aquilaria sinensis plant from Aquilariasinensis (Lour) Gilg heartwood containing resin.
goods incense into the 1st Hong (quality re-fragrant), the 2nd Hong (hard and fragrant), the 3rd Hong (quality loose, smell good), the 4th Hong (quality floating loose Hong light) four kinds of specifications. Its irregular shape, uneven surface often isolated and dead wood-like, with knife marks, with occasional holes, showing dark brown resin and white wood yellow stripes.
incense containing volatile oil and resin, volatile oil in alcohol with screw sinensis (Agarospirol), a sedative. Pain medicine with Qi, tune in Pinggan, the effect of warming kidney qi.
information ③: Import Incense
also known as submerged Hong, Yan gum, Penglai Hong, dense fragrance of orchids fragrant, green cinnamon, etc. (The above document name). Plants from Thymelaeaceae Aquilaria (Aquilaria agal-lochaRoxb) heartwood containing resin. Is mainly produced in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Cambodia, Iran, Thailand.
Indonesia,south indian cooking, Malaysia, Singapore, said the study produced a new state incense fragrance, best quality, the smell of burning is quiet and will last. Vietnam's production of incense often called Hoi An Hong, lesser quality, the smell of burning Shenshan, with a sweet, but not for long.
imported incense often isolated or irregular cylindrical rod, the surface is brown or gray and black; quality hard and heavy, will sink in water or semi-submerged in water; smell darker, burn the fat, smoke, strong aroma. Imports of Aquilaria of tepid, Bitterpungent. With Qi pain, temperature in the antiemetic, the effectiveness of qi and relieve asthma, efficacy than the good of Aquilaria sinensis.
Agarwood Furniture
Agarwood is a very expensive wood since ancient times, also crafts the finest raw materials. Ming and Qing dynasties, are advocating the Royal Court with this wooden objects into all kinds of calligraphy, fine technology, and production of the same horn. The demand now more rare and fine dead wood dry, with the sculpture, few large timber. Therefore, once the auction market, making big-ticket items Agarwood there, we often
amazing performance, the Chinese room objects is most important.
ended in the recent Spring Festival in Beijing Hanhai auction, a valuation of only 8000 to 10,000 yuan in the early Qing Panasonic Figures incense wood pen, sold reached 407,000 yuan. Agarwood products currently the highest price is in 2006 when Beijing Marina autumn auction, the Ming dynasty incense wood landscapes pen to 1.43 million in transactions, not only because of its high as 16.2 cm, but also because only pen you for the next late wood Jiang Fusheng's, the \In 2005, China Guardian's Spring Auction, an up to 15.5 cm in the early Qing incense wood grain magpie Mui pen, sold reached 550,000 yuan. The only pen in Hanhai transactions, ranked third in Aquilaria wood pen, compared with first two, the shape is relatively small, while pulp is damaged package, so the valuation is relatively low, but the ingenious idea of carving, exquisite carving , full of ancient literati lifestyle and taste.
as Agarwood slightly affected by temperature and can emit fragrance, combined with large pieces of Agarwood is rare, so in the auction market, we often see some small pieces of well-made. Currently more and more counterfeit Agarwood, Agarwood really can over time more and more fragrant, while the fake Shen lighten the flavor soon disappear. Real Agarwood color as time goes by more and more, oil line will be more and more, these are judged important criterion for authenticity.
Here are the most simple way to identify, Agarwood has a fox head logo has the logo of the wood can be considered as a Agarwood. (Do not know the true and false)
Shanghai now found one of the most expensive furniture Agarwood Agarwood Agarwood screen can be described as more expensive than gold, 1 gram is 1,000 yuan market, steady rise each year, before the body is fine enough incense to be greasy, there are the smell of incense, Agarwood, but very like the red sandalwood red sandalwood to come than the more expensive the sandalwood fragrance but no Bi Hainan Agarwood has also fragrant pear aroma can be described as rare earth, Agarwood is not used for furniture But there are exceptions, all of China's most expensive furniture does exist is Agarwood Agarwood screen, screen is the four treasures of the value of a class can be said to have raised up. Home is hidden in Shanghai collectors.
sandalwood
sandalwood species in Santalaceae families. Sandalwood is mainly produced in eastern India, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Southeast Asia, Australia, Fiji and other humid areas. Among them, originated from India as superior of the Laoshan Tan products. Indian sandalwood is characterized by its white-yellowish color, oil major, long-lasting fragrance emitted. And Australia, and Indonesia produced sandalwood its texture, color, Hong degrees are less, known as the \Most of the new cut of sandalwood. Recently learned, often with a sharp flavor and a special smell of fish, incense so often set aside first for some time to breath calm after alcohol use, there is stored for decades or even centuries of sandalwood, sandalwood time The fragrance has been very mild, alcohol can be described as sandalwood Need of Need. Another said it named \Sandalwood tree is a semi-parasitic plant, growing very slowly, usually several decades to become useful. Is the slowest growing species, and mature sandalwood trees up to 10 meters. Sandalwood tree is very delicate, at the seedling stage must also lives in the Phoenix Tree, virgin, acacia and other plants can survive. Solid and very limited production of sandalwood, it has a great demand for it, so ancient times, it has always been that rare and expensive wood.
sandalwood is the incense of the core material part, not including sandalwood sapwood (no fragrance, white). Santalaceae Sandalwood sandalwood is attached, is a semi-parasitic small trees, up to 8-15 m, diameter at breast height of about 20-30 cm, while the small, only 3 to 5 cm. Origin India 哥达维利亚 River basin, south Maisuoerbang and Indonesia, East, 西努沙登加 Province and East Timor. In addition, Australia, Fiji and other South Pacific island, sandalwood produced in the United States, Hawaii, China has introduced nearly a hundred years of history.
the history of China's use of sandalwood due around 1500. Sandalwood carvings and statues are generally used for the production of other handicrafts, medicinal or extracted sandalwood oil. In the collection of sandalwood and sandalwood carvings, or enjoy the works of art should take the following basic features:
First, sandalwood general was brown or dark brown, long time is slightly darker color, luster, including obviously not as good as red sandalwood paste or pear. Hard texture, delicate, smooth, feel good, air-dry density from 0.87 to 0.97 grams / cubic centimeter, straight or slightly texture was waveforms, obvious or not obvious growth ring.
Second, mellow aroma, durable dispersed, for a long time are less obvious, but shaving with a blade still aroma, and camphor, Hong Nan slightly pungent flavor than light, Nature. Some people use artificial flavors soak or spray timber for posing as sandalwood, fragrance general medicine with a distinct flavor and not lasting.
Third, posing as sandalwood timber. Sandalwood are some of the wood quality is not with the production of sandalwood in India and Indonesia compared. The best quality sandalwood produced in India,zero skateboards, followed by Indonesians. General international markets are other timber with sandalwood or different families and genera, but looks similar to sandalwood, is also useful to impersonate sandalwood scent of wood. Some factories in China mostly white basswood, cedar, yellow rue, birch, pine land have been inter-color, dye and artificial flavors soak, spray to pose as sandalwood and made a lot of fans, statues, prayer beads and other carvings.
sandalwood Category (sandalwood by history and tradition, merchants and craftsmen are generally divided into the following four categories):
1. Laoshan Hong, also known as white or Cairn India, Hong Hong, produced in India, the general bar large, straight, wood table smooth, dense, mellow aroma is sandalwood in the Acura.
2. Johor Bahru Hong, generally produced in Australia, bar smaller, weaker aroma.
3. to the door, Hong, is now produced in Indonesia and East Timor. To the door of Hong, \
4. Sydney, Hong, produced in Australia or around the South Pacific island of sandalwood, which is the best Fiji sandalwood. Sydney and Hong Kong are generally transported to the mainland.
sandalwood also divided into white sandalwood, rosewood, engraved category. \
sandalwood, Buddhism is meant by \It is taken from the sandalwood tree sandalwood tree wood Kojo heartwood (or resin), the closer the heart and the roots of the tree material as possible. Often made of wood flour, wood, wood, etc., or refined into sandalwood oil. With sandalwood incense has always been regarded as a treasure, but a separate wood smoke and sandalwood, smells bad; but if clever mix up with other spices, can \Sandalwood is highly regarded, as well as Buddhist temples are often known as \Sandalwood Buddhist practice called the \Such as \that is, \More common for Buddhist scriptures, \
sandalwood or blindly as medicinal herb, has always valued by the physicians, called the \Topical anti-inflammatory to be swollen, moist skin; wood smoke can be sterilization, drive the provision of plague epidemics. Can treat a sore throat, acne, anti-infective, anti-asthma. There conditioning sensitive skin, prevent skin aging effect. To evil, to dry, bacteria, mold, pest control, moth. Pacify and nerves, supporting meditation, the effect of refreshing meditation. Extracted from sandalwood and sandalwood oil in medicine also have a wide range of uses, with cool, convergence, strong heart, nourish, lubricate the skin and other multi-effects, can be used to treat biliary disease, cystitis, gonorrhea, and abdominal pain, fever, vomiting and other symptoms of cracking, rich hand, spots, insect bites embolism particularly effective, since ancient times is an important pharmaceutical to cure skin diseases.
According to Xuanzang, \People see the snake Tan adopted after the open bow from a distance, towards the tree pythons are archery, according to mark, then go left until the python logging. ,
sandalwood carving out even more can be said priceless artifacts. Fang Xin durable home place. Sandalwood placed into a smoked clothes cabinet role, make your clothes smell with a touch of natural elegance. Can drive away bad people, improve your affinity, will help your career.
sandalwood is extremely rare, good quality sandalwood market now has thousands / kg or more. China's natural sandalwood trees as early as the Ming and Qing period had been deforested. Now our sandalwood logs are imported. Harsh growing conditions because of sandalwood, yield is very low. Only the world's remaining natural sandalwood, India, Fiji and Australia. And strict protection measures and high tariffs to restrict exports. The market is a rare sandalwood.
wood Need - lobular red sandalwood:
fact, rosewood also many different kinds, like mahogany, as Nongbu Hao was 忽悠 the. Rosewood is \But the real rosewood is only one, that is what we call \
leaflets red sandalwood, red sandalwood species for the Honolulu Division, the best of Indian rosewood. The earliest record of the red sandalwood is Jin? Cui Leopard's \Tan nine empty \Red sandalwood wood in a variety of hardwood in the most detailed manner, the weight of the heaviest timber, into the water that Shen. Lobular pattern was not obvious sandalwood, and early color orange, for a long time, such as paint is deep purple, almost do not see in ring lines. Fine vascular pattern, were twisted filaments, such as ox hair. And lobular red sandalwood or blindly expensive medicine, the \
\Dynasties of emperors have spared no expense to set the world of artisans to create all kinds of red sandalwood furniture, accessories. These things at the time, as far as it is superb, not to mention spread so far? Combined with these, as if to cast a red sandalwood has more mystery. In fact, Europe and the United States of the importance of the degree of red sandalwood is even worse than China, the tomb of Napoleon is said to have a 15 cm-long model of sandalwood coffin, visitors are invariably surprised and envious, that rare. So for the red sandalwood \
lobular red sandalwood of Kihana on liquor, Kihana immediately broken down into pink, and the formation of sticky and wine jelly, even when dumped into the line. This is an effective way to identify rosewood. Rosewood Green Iaccio wood for long, produced in India and Southeast Asia. Such as forging Siyu sandalwood its texture, delicate crab claw dense irregular texture, deep color, Shen Bo Mu Yijing's horns, especially the Chinese people cherish.
red sandalwood in the Venus, chicken blood, hairs red sandalwood is the most top grade. Very irregular shape logs, and many empty big-ticket products difficult. Builder does not paint after, not deformation, difficult to rot, by imposing long-term natural oxidation of the reduced black Ze can be from generation to generation. Ming Dynasty Jibei Royal as her hardest to become, after the court will be engraved into the Qing court as the preferred timber furniture products, intended exclusively.
real \Have \
wood Need - lobular red sandalwood: Actually, red sandalwood is also many different kinds, like mahogany, as Nongbu Hao was 忽悠 the. Rosewood is \But the real rosewood is only one, that is what we call \
leaflets red sandalwood, red sandalwood species for the Honolulu Division, the best of Indian rosewood. The earliest record of the red sandalwood is Jin? Cui Leopard's \Tan nine empty \Red sandalwood wood in a variety of hardwood in the most detailed manner, the weight of the heaviest timber, into the water that Shen. Lobular pattern was not obvious sandalwood, and early color orange, for a long time, such as paint is deep purple, almost do not see in ring lines. Fine vascular pattern, were twisted filaments, such as ox hair. And lobular red sandalwood or blindly expensive medicine, the \
\Dynasties of emperors have spared no expense to set the world of artisans to create all kinds of red sandalwood furniture, accessories. These things at the time, as far as it is superb, not to mention spread so far? Combined with these, as if to cast a red sandalwood has more mystery. In fact, Europe and the United States of the importance of the degree of red sandalwood is even worse than China, the tomb of Napoleon is said to have a 15 cm-long model of sandalwood coffin, visitors are invariably surprised and envious, that rare. So for the red sandalwood \
lobular red sandalwood of Kihana on liquor, Kihana immediately broken down into pink, and the formation of sticky and wine jelly, even when dumped into the line. This is an effective way to identify rosewood.
red sandalwood wood also known as Green Dragon, is Papilionaceae, subtropical evergreen trees, mainly in India and the Malay Peninsula, the Philippines, China Hubei and Hunan, Yunnan, produced in a small area. Red sandalwood dense hard material, weight, will sink into the water, up to 703 kilograms per cubic meter of wood. Color was purple (dark rhino role), a slight aroma, deep quaint, the heartwood was blood ocher, shiny beautiful spirals and stripes stir ring patterns into silk, brown eyes very closely. Seamless scars. Purple wine is a bubble, and can stick to the bowl. The resin or wood chipper and file the end of medicine, to cure sore. Rosewood is mainly used for manufacture of fine furniture and other delicate objects.
red sandalwood tree species are numerous, but they have many common characteristics, especially color, were tested purple, red sandalwood furniture making more use of its natural characteristics, the optical element method. Because of red sandalwood color depth, seem prudent generous and beautiful, if carved too much to cover up its own texture and color of wood, just as superfluous the.
rosewood texture in a variety of hardwood in the most strong, the heaviest weight. It is not as pear as China and the United States, but the solemn and quiet Shen old, and no other wood can match.
China since ancient times is that the red sandalwood is one of the most valuable timber, and more cars use it as public opinion, musical instruments, furniture and other delicate objects advanced materials. Eastern Han to see the records. The Ming Dynasty, the Royal and the nobility of love, Ming rosewood furniture, work like rough, but carved God, mind imposing.
Ming court with red sandalwood first acquisition in China's south, after the result of inadequate timber, then sent on a regular basis to go to Southeast Asia acquisition, so save a lot of red sandalwood wood, red sandalwood by slow growth, non-for hundreds of years can not become useful, and Southeast Asia sandalwood Ji Yu Ming depleted by logging, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the world came together produce most of the Chinese rosewood. Early Ming Dynasty also used inventory. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, stocks run out, temporary interruption of supply, therefore, produced after the mid-Qing furniture with mahogany instead of rosewood on the.
abroad, such as red sandalwood is cherish the treasure, the tomb of Napoleon is said to have a 15 cm-long rosewood coffin model, the visitors were all shocked Mu. Later Westerners came to Beijing, see all the large objects, only the elite that do gather sandalwood Beijing. Multi buy then repatriation. Red sandalwood is now Europe and the United States remaining artifacts, most of them are shipped from Beijing to, we can see the rare red sandalwood furniture.
identification of rosewood is: alcohol cotton ball gently rub the surface of the wood, if the cotton was purple, that is, red sandalwood; also be scraped from the wood a little Wood End, soaked in wine , if a chip and worked the late blood red silk article is rosewood. Old red sandalwood soaking does not fade, a wipe on the color stamped out; new red sandalwood fade after immersion in water, marked with color can not afford to.
similar timber with red sandalwood also sandalwood, evergreen shrubs, produced in China, Guangdong and Yunnan. Jian heavy wood, incense, a yellow and white two. Used as spices or system multi-Shan Gu, Xiang Xia like small pieces of artifacts, as red sandalwood wood.
pear:
Chinese Scientific Name: Dalbergia odorifera, Latin name: Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen
alias: Dalbergia Hainan, Hainan pear, pear, flowers Lebanon, Lebanese female flowers, flower fox , dalbergia, down Hong Tan, falling real incense, palm flowers, incense sticks of wood, incense mahogany.
pear is actually yellow with the \Ming and Qing furniture, the main hardwood timber to heartwood was brown who is better. Ming and Qing furniture fine selection of wood, \official doctor of the nation's aesthetic taste of the furniture makes this period even more outstanding and pear furniture group, in terms of aesthetic or artificial science perspective are impeccable, is the world's furniture, art treasures.
second only to its valuable wood, red sandalwood, rosewood yellow wood because of extremely stable, both summer and winter is not distortion, no crack, bend, there is a certain toughness, suitable for a variety of shaped furniture , such as the three curved legs, a great degree of its bending, but can produce yellow rosewood, and other qualified timber difficult. Yellow rosewood compared with other similar characteristics of wood and confusing, the most important is easy to be confused with the pear pattern rosewood. This pear rosewood grain is the main origin Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Island, some books are known as Hainan rosewood, also known as the Vietnam Tan, Vietnam and neighboring countries due to the growth of the tree.
yellow rosewood color yellow and moist, the heartwood is dark reddish brown or dark brown, with repeated horn texture. The proportion of yellow rosewood lighter than mahogany (ebonylike wood) but also light a number, put in the water was semi-submerged state, that is not entirely missing sink floating on the water. Yellow rosewood texture clear, smooth, very beautiful. The most special is that there are a lot of grain in the wood commonly boil, boil the wood is very smooth without cracking, showing a fox first, the elderly head and the elderly head of hair texture, etc., beautiful, pleasant, that is, people always say \children. \Ming and early Qing furniture mostly for making the high yellow rosewood with the system, that the former over-harvesting and made before the mid-Qing Dynasty sharp decline in pear wood up the verge of extinction, it was later replaced with mahogany. From published data to see the Ming and Qing furniture, rosewood big yellow wood, half a meter wide, two meters long flat head sole plate case, one can see.
yellow rosewood furniture production origin represented in Suzhou, work standards and meticulous working, is a typical Soviet-style furniture. In addition Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Southern Ming and Qing dynasties also produces yellow rosewood furniture, or widely known as widely for furniture, its working a little rough, not as Soviet-style furniture, fine.
pear wood furniture, often because of identification difficulties in three areas. First, with mahogany, regardless. Dark-colored pear, if the use of long years, a bad state of preservation, at first glance and is very like mahogany. In fact, essentially determined that the wood of yellow rosewood small, so small deformation rate, body light and mild. Grasp this point, other problems can be solved; Second, regardless of pear and grass. The emergence of grass pear cut off because of pear wood, as a supplement in the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic appear in the market, in most low-grade hardwood. The wood loose, brown eyes too large, color yellowish brown and dull; and third Xinhuang rosewood, regardless of the new material amount of material than the old yellow rosewood heavy wood with black line over and stiff, too, many grain contrary Xinhuang pretty eye-catching rosewood.
to understand the characteristics of yellow rosewood, on the identification of the material is very important. Such as yellow rosewood strong toughness, not as crisp mahogany. Identification of a carpenter in the construction yellow rosewood and mahogany are very easy, very thin edge in the plane case, only the yellow rosewood can appear similar to the spring as long particle shape, while the mahogany pieces, such as only a slice of shaving, this any one point very clear hardwood carpenter.
These are the identification of the initial stage of yellow rosewood, more importantly, to judge from the modeling, pear furniture popular seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, has set a bit pear furniture, although the ever-changing shape, scholars The Essence is very uniform. Understand the nature of the golden age of Chinese Ming-style furniture, in addition to the physical understanding of yellow rosewood, pear identification becomes very simple.
a long period of time, awareness of the pear furniture into errors that are mostly furniture of Ming Ming pear production. In fact the contrary, the pear is the golden age of furniture production to the Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong that 100 years after Jiaqing almost no production. The reason is the late Ming dynasties Jiajing Wanli, palace furniture, lacquer ware are based. Beautiful paint capture the market for furniture, furniture pear clearly not mainstream. The formation of the Qing style furniture from the court before entering the private, this will take some time, and the people imagine there will be no small gap. Therefore, not only \In fact, most of the old furniture dating techniques refined by making a \
Agarwood
domestic sinensis. Also known as submerged incense, Agarwood, ear incense, the sink, white woods, Hainan, incense, incense daughter, Wan Hong, South China, Hong Shen knives. Thymelaeaceae Aquilaria sinensis plant from Aquilariasinensis (Lour) Gilg heartwood containing resin.
incense into the 1st Hong (quality re-fragrant), the 2nd Hong (hard and fragrant), the 3rd Hong (quality loose, smell good), the 4th Hong (quality floating loose Hong light) four kinds of specifications. Its irregular shape, uneven surface often isolated and dead wood-like, with knife marks, with occasional holes, showing dark brown resin and white wood yellow stripes.
imported incense
also known as submerged Hong, Yan gum, Penglai Hong, dense fragrance of orchids fragrant, green cinnamon, etc. (The above document name). Plants from Thymelaeaceae Aquilaria (Aquilaria agal-lochaRoxb) heartwood containing resin. Is mainly produced in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Cambodia, Iran, Thailand.
Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, said the study produced a new state incense fragrance, best quality, the smell of burning is quiet and will last. Vietnam's production of incense often called Hoi An Hong, lesser quality, the smell of burning Shenshan, with a sweet, but not for long.
imported incense often isolated or irregular cylindrical rod, the surface is brown or gray and black; quality hard and heavy, will sink in water or semi-submerged in water; smell darker, burn the fat, smoke, strong aroma. Imports of Aquilaria of tepid, Bitterpungent. With Qi pain, temperature in the antiemetic, the effectiveness of qi and relieve asthma, efficacy than the good of Aquilaria sinensis.
Aquilaria Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg Thymelaeaceae evergreen tree, 6-20 m high, dbh 50-90 cm; bark dark gray, smooth, endothelial white, fiber developed, easy peeling. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, ovate or obovate. Flowers fragrant, pubescent, calyx bell-shaped light.
sinensis, also known as incense, is a unique and valuable medicinal plants. As the trees taken very seriously in Hong injury, the more concentrated the distribution of trees have been cut down and exhausted, are only a few scattered in the remaining plants. Mainly located in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan and other places. General elevation of 400 meters was born in Hainan can last up to 1,000 meters above sea level. HI layer thickness, humus and more humid, loose brick red or yellow mountain. Multi-born mountain rain forest or semi-evergreen monsoon rain forest.
medicinal aloes is due to operation of this kind of tree invasion after parasitic fungi, enzymes in the body under the action of bacteria, so that the starch storage parenchyma cells of wood to produce a series of changes, resulting eventually in balsam, after years of deposition derived. For sustainable use, protection and development of the urgent need of valuable medicinal plants.
information ②: Incense
domestic sinensis. Also known as submerged incense, Agarwood, ear incense, the sink, white woods, Hainan, incense, incense daughter, Wan Hong, South China, Hong Shen knives. Thymelaeaceae Aquilaria sinensis plant from Aquilariasinensis (Lour) Gilg heartwood containing resin.
goods incense into the 1st Hong (quality re-fragrant), the 2nd Hong (hard and fragrant), the 3rd Hong (quality loose, smell good), the 4th Hong (quality floating loose Hong light) four kinds of specifications. Its irregular shape, uneven surface often isolated and dead wood-like, with knife marks, with occasional holes, showing dark brown resin and white wood yellow stripes.
incense containing volatile oil and resin, volatile oil in alcohol with screw sinensis (Agarospirol), a sedative. Pain medicine with Qi, tune in Pinggan, the effect of warming kidney qi.
information ③: Import Incense
also known as submerged Hong, Yan gum, Penglai Hong, dense fragrance of orchids fragrant, green cinnamon, etc. (The above document name). Plants from Thymelaeaceae Aquilaria (Aquilaria agal-lochaRoxb) heartwood containing resin. Is mainly produced in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Cambodia, Iran, Thailand.
Indonesia,south indian cooking, Malaysia, Singapore, said the study produced a new state incense fragrance, best quality, the smell of burning is quiet and will last. Vietnam's production of incense often called Hoi An Hong, lesser quality, the smell of burning Shenshan, with a sweet, but not for long.
imported incense often isolated or irregular cylindrical rod, the surface is brown or gray and black; quality hard and heavy, will sink in water or semi-submerged in water; smell darker, burn the fat, smoke, strong aroma. Imports of Aquilaria of tepid, Bitterpungent. With Qi pain, temperature in the antiemetic, the effectiveness of qi and relieve asthma, efficacy than the good of Aquilaria sinensis.
Agarwood Furniture
Agarwood is a very expensive wood since ancient times, also crafts the finest raw materials. Ming and Qing dynasties, are advocating the Royal Court with this wooden objects into all kinds of calligraphy, fine technology, and production of the same horn. The demand now more rare and fine dead wood dry, with the sculpture, few large timber. Therefore, once the auction market, making big-ticket items Agarwood there, we often
amazing performance, the Chinese room objects is most important.
ended in the recent Spring Festival in Beijing Hanhai auction, a valuation of only 8000 to 10,000 yuan in the early Qing Panasonic Figures incense wood pen, sold reached 407,000 yuan. Agarwood products currently the highest price is in 2006 when Beijing Marina autumn auction, the Ming dynasty incense wood landscapes pen to 1.43 million in transactions, not only because of its high as 16.2 cm, but also because only pen you for the next late wood Jiang Fusheng's, the \In 2005, China Guardian's Spring Auction, an up to 15.5 cm in the early Qing incense wood grain magpie Mui pen, sold reached 550,000 yuan. The only pen in Hanhai transactions, ranked third in Aquilaria wood pen, compared with first two, the shape is relatively small, while pulp is damaged package, so the valuation is relatively low, but the ingenious idea of carving, exquisite carving , full of ancient literati lifestyle and taste.
as Agarwood slightly affected by temperature and can emit fragrance, combined with large pieces of Agarwood is rare, so in the auction market, we often see some small pieces of well-made. Currently more and more counterfeit Agarwood, Agarwood really can over time more and more fragrant, while the fake Shen lighten the flavor soon disappear. Real Agarwood color as time goes by more and more, oil line will be more and more, these are judged important criterion for authenticity.
Here are the most simple way to identify, Agarwood has a fox head logo has the logo of the wood can be considered as a Agarwood. (Do not know the true and false)
Shanghai now found one of the most expensive furniture Agarwood Agarwood Agarwood screen can be described as more expensive than gold, 1 gram is 1,000 yuan market, steady rise each year, before the body is fine enough incense to be greasy, there are the smell of incense, Agarwood, but very like the red sandalwood red sandalwood to come than the more expensive the sandalwood fragrance but no Bi Hainan Agarwood has also fragrant pear aroma can be described as rare earth, Agarwood is not used for furniture But there are exceptions, all of China's most expensive furniture does exist is Agarwood Agarwood screen, screen is the four treasures of the value of a class can be said to have raised up. Home is hidden in Shanghai collectors.
sandalwood
sandalwood species in Santalaceae families. Sandalwood is mainly produced in eastern India, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Southeast Asia, Australia, Fiji and other humid areas. Among them, originated from India as superior of the Laoshan Tan products. Indian sandalwood is characterized by its white-yellowish color, oil major, long-lasting fragrance emitted. And Australia, and Indonesia produced sandalwood its texture, color, Hong degrees are less, known as the \Most of the new cut of sandalwood. Recently learned, often with a sharp flavor and a special smell of fish, incense so often set aside first for some time to breath calm after alcohol use, there is stored for decades or even centuries of sandalwood, sandalwood time The fragrance has been very mild, alcohol can be described as sandalwood Need of Need. Another said it named \Sandalwood tree is a semi-parasitic plant, growing very slowly, usually several decades to become useful. Is the slowest growing species, and mature sandalwood trees up to 10 meters. Sandalwood tree is very delicate, at the seedling stage must also lives in the Phoenix Tree, virgin, acacia and other plants can survive. Solid and very limited production of sandalwood, it has a great demand for it, so ancient times, it has always been that rare and expensive wood.
sandalwood is the incense of the core material part, not including sandalwood sapwood (no fragrance, white). Santalaceae Sandalwood sandalwood is attached, is a semi-parasitic small trees, up to 8-15 m, diameter at breast height of about 20-30 cm, while the small, only 3 to 5 cm. Origin India 哥达维利亚 River basin, south Maisuoerbang and Indonesia, East, 西努沙登加 Province and East Timor. In addition, Australia, Fiji and other South Pacific island, sandalwood produced in the United States, Hawaii, China has introduced nearly a hundred years of history.
the history of China's use of sandalwood due around 1500. Sandalwood carvings and statues are generally used for the production of other handicrafts, medicinal or extracted sandalwood oil. In the collection of sandalwood and sandalwood carvings, or enjoy the works of art should take the following basic features:
First, sandalwood general was brown or dark brown, long time is slightly darker color, luster, including obviously not as good as red sandalwood paste or pear. Hard texture, delicate, smooth, feel good, air-dry density from 0.87 to 0.97 grams / cubic centimeter, straight or slightly texture was waveforms, obvious or not obvious growth ring.
Second, mellow aroma, durable dispersed, for a long time are less obvious, but shaving with a blade still aroma, and camphor, Hong Nan slightly pungent flavor than light, Nature. Some people use artificial flavors soak or spray timber for posing as sandalwood, fragrance general medicine with a distinct flavor and not lasting.
Third, posing as sandalwood timber. Sandalwood are some of the wood quality is not with the production of sandalwood in India and Indonesia compared. The best quality sandalwood produced in India,zero skateboards, followed by Indonesians. General international markets are other timber with sandalwood or different families and genera, but looks similar to sandalwood, is also useful to impersonate sandalwood scent of wood. Some factories in China mostly white basswood, cedar, yellow rue, birch, pine land have been inter-color, dye and artificial flavors soak, spray to pose as sandalwood and made a lot of fans, statues, prayer beads and other carvings.
sandalwood Category (sandalwood by history and tradition, merchants and craftsmen are generally divided into the following four categories):
1. Laoshan Hong, also known as white or Cairn India, Hong Hong, produced in India, the general bar large, straight, wood table smooth, dense, mellow aroma is sandalwood in the Acura.
2. Johor Bahru Hong, generally produced in Australia, bar smaller, weaker aroma.
3. to the door, Hong, is now produced in Indonesia and East Timor. To the door of Hong, \
4. Sydney, Hong, produced in Australia or around the South Pacific island of sandalwood, which is the best Fiji sandalwood. Sydney and Hong Kong are generally transported to the mainland.
sandalwood also divided into white sandalwood, rosewood, engraved category. \
sandalwood, Buddhism is meant by \It is taken from the sandalwood tree sandalwood tree wood Kojo heartwood (or resin), the closer the heart and the roots of the tree material as possible. Often made of wood flour, wood, wood, etc., or refined into sandalwood oil. With sandalwood incense has always been regarded as a treasure, but a separate wood smoke and sandalwood, smells bad; but if clever mix up with other spices, can \Sandalwood is highly regarded, as well as Buddhist temples are often known as \Sandalwood Buddhist practice called the \Such as \that is, \More common for Buddhist scriptures, \
sandalwood or blindly as medicinal herb, has always valued by the physicians, called the \Topical anti-inflammatory to be swollen, moist skin; wood smoke can be sterilization, drive the provision of plague epidemics. Can treat a sore throat, acne, anti-infective, anti-asthma. There conditioning sensitive skin, prevent skin aging effect. To evil, to dry, bacteria, mold, pest control, moth. Pacify and nerves, supporting meditation, the effect of refreshing meditation. Extracted from sandalwood and sandalwood oil in medicine also have a wide range of uses, with cool, convergence, strong heart, nourish, lubricate the skin and other multi-effects, can be used to treat biliary disease, cystitis, gonorrhea, and abdominal pain, fever, vomiting and other symptoms of cracking, rich hand, spots, insect bites embolism particularly effective, since ancient times is an important pharmaceutical to cure skin diseases.
According to Xuanzang, \People see the snake Tan adopted after the open bow from a distance, towards the tree pythons are archery, according to mark, then go left until the python logging. ,
sandalwood carving out even more can be said priceless artifacts. Fang Xin durable home place. Sandalwood placed into a smoked clothes cabinet role, make your clothes smell with a touch of natural elegance. Can drive away bad people, improve your affinity, will help your career.
sandalwood is extremely rare, good quality sandalwood market now has thousands / kg or more. China's natural sandalwood trees as early as the Ming and Qing period had been deforested. Now our sandalwood logs are imported. Harsh growing conditions because of sandalwood, yield is very low. Only the world's remaining natural sandalwood, India, Fiji and Australia. And strict protection measures and high tariffs to restrict exports. The market is a rare sandalwood.
wood Need - lobular red sandalwood:
fact, rosewood also many different kinds, like mahogany, as Nongbu Hao was 忽悠 the. Rosewood is \But the real rosewood is only one, that is what we call \
leaflets red sandalwood, red sandalwood species for the Honolulu Division, the best of Indian rosewood. The earliest record of the red sandalwood is Jin? Cui Leopard's \Tan nine empty \Red sandalwood wood in a variety of hardwood in the most detailed manner, the weight of the heaviest timber, into the water that Shen. Lobular pattern was not obvious sandalwood, and early color orange, for a long time, such as paint is deep purple, almost do not see in ring lines. Fine vascular pattern, were twisted filaments, such as ox hair. And lobular red sandalwood or blindly expensive medicine, the \
\Dynasties of emperors have spared no expense to set the world of artisans to create all kinds of red sandalwood furniture, accessories. These things at the time, as far as it is superb, not to mention spread so far? Combined with these, as if to cast a red sandalwood has more mystery. In fact, Europe and the United States of the importance of the degree of red sandalwood is even worse than China, the tomb of Napoleon is said to have a 15 cm-long model of sandalwood coffin, visitors are invariably surprised and envious, that rare. So for the red sandalwood \
lobular red sandalwood of Kihana on liquor, Kihana immediately broken down into pink, and the formation of sticky and wine jelly, even when dumped into the line. This is an effective way to identify rosewood. Rosewood Green Iaccio wood for long, produced in India and Southeast Asia. Such as forging Siyu sandalwood its texture, delicate crab claw dense irregular texture, deep color, Shen Bo Mu Yijing's horns, especially the Chinese people cherish.
red sandalwood in the Venus, chicken blood, hairs red sandalwood is the most top grade. Very irregular shape logs, and many empty big-ticket products difficult. Builder does not paint after, not deformation, difficult to rot, by imposing long-term natural oxidation of the reduced black Ze can be from generation to generation. Ming Dynasty Jibei Royal as her hardest to become, after the court will be engraved into the Qing court as the preferred timber furniture products, intended exclusively.
real \Have \
wood Need - lobular red sandalwood: Actually, red sandalwood is also many different kinds, like mahogany, as Nongbu Hao was 忽悠 the. Rosewood is \But the real rosewood is only one, that is what we call \
leaflets red sandalwood, red sandalwood species for the Honolulu Division, the best of Indian rosewood. The earliest record of the red sandalwood is Jin? Cui Leopard's \Tan nine empty \Red sandalwood wood in a variety of hardwood in the most detailed manner, the weight of the heaviest timber, into the water that Shen. Lobular pattern was not obvious sandalwood, and early color orange, for a long time, such as paint is deep purple, almost do not see in ring lines. Fine vascular pattern, were twisted filaments, such as ox hair. And lobular red sandalwood or blindly expensive medicine, the \
\Dynasties of emperors have spared no expense to set the world of artisans to create all kinds of red sandalwood furniture, accessories. These things at the time, as far as it is superb, not to mention spread so far? Combined with these, as if to cast a red sandalwood has more mystery. In fact, Europe and the United States of the importance of the degree of red sandalwood is even worse than China, the tomb of Napoleon is said to have a 15 cm-long model of sandalwood coffin, visitors are invariably surprised and envious, that rare. So for the red sandalwood \
lobular red sandalwood of Kihana on liquor, Kihana immediately broken down into pink, and the formation of sticky and wine jelly, even when dumped into the line. This is an effective way to identify rosewood.
red sandalwood wood also known as Green Dragon, is Papilionaceae, subtropical evergreen trees, mainly in India and the Malay Peninsula, the Philippines, China Hubei and Hunan, Yunnan, produced in a small area. Red sandalwood dense hard material, weight, will sink into the water, up to 703 kilograms per cubic meter of wood. Color was purple (dark rhino role), a slight aroma, deep quaint, the heartwood was blood ocher, shiny beautiful spirals and stripes stir ring patterns into silk, brown eyes very closely. Seamless scars. Purple wine is a bubble, and can stick to the bowl. The resin or wood chipper and file the end of medicine, to cure sore. Rosewood is mainly used for manufacture of fine furniture and other delicate objects.
red sandalwood tree species are numerous, but they have many common characteristics, especially color, were tested purple, red sandalwood furniture making more use of its natural characteristics, the optical element method. Because of red sandalwood color depth, seem prudent generous and beautiful, if carved too much to cover up its own texture and color of wood, just as superfluous the.
rosewood texture in a variety of hardwood in the most strong, the heaviest weight. It is not as pear as China and the United States, but the solemn and quiet Shen old, and no other wood can match.
China since ancient times is that the red sandalwood is one of the most valuable timber, and more cars use it as public opinion, musical instruments, furniture and other delicate objects advanced materials. Eastern Han to see the records. The Ming Dynasty, the Royal and the nobility of love, Ming rosewood furniture, work like rough, but carved God, mind imposing.
Ming court with red sandalwood first acquisition in China's south, after the result of inadequate timber, then sent on a regular basis to go to Southeast Asia acquisition, so save a lot of red sandalwood wood, red sandalwood by slow growth, non-for hundreds of years can not become useful, and Southeast Asia sandalwood Ji Yu Ming depleted by logging, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the world came together produce most of the Chinese rosewood. Early Ming Dynasty also used inventory. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, stocks run out, temporary interruption of supply, therefore, produced after the mid-Qing furniture with mahogany instead of rosewood on the.
abroad, such as red sandalwood is cherish the treasure, the tomb of Napoleon is said to have a 15 cm-long rosewood coffin model, the visitors were all shocked Mu. Later Westerners came to Beijing, see all the large objects, only the elite that do gather sandalwood Beijing. Multi buy then repatriation. Red sandalwood is now Europe and the United States remaining artifacts, most of them are shipped from Beijing to, we can see the rare red sandalwood furniture.
identification of rosewood is: alcohol cotton ball gently rub the surface of the wood, if the cotton was purple, that is, red sandalwood; also be scraped from the wood a little Wood End, soaked in wine , if a chip and worked the late blood red silk article is rosewood. Old red sandalwood soaking does not fade, a wipe on the color stamped out; new red sandalwood fade after immersion in water, marked with color can not afford to.
similar timber with red sandalwood also sandalwood, evergreen shrubs, produced in China, Guangdong and Yunnan. Jian heavy wood, incense, a yellow and white two. Used as spices or system multi-Shan Gu, Xiang Xia like small pieces of artifacts, as red sandalwood wood.
pear:
Chinese Scientific Name: Dalbergia odorifera, Latin name: Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen
alias: Dalbergia Hainan, Hainan pear, pear, flowers Lebanon, Lebanese female flowers, flower fox , dalbergia, down Hong Tan, falling real incense, palm flowers, incense sticks of wood, incense mahogany.
pear is actually yellow with the \Ming and Qing furniture, the main hardwood timber to heartwood was brown who is better. Ming and Qing furniture fine selection of wood, \official doctor of the nation's aesthetic taste of the furniture makes this period even more outstanding and pear furniture group, in terms of aesthetic or artificial science perspective are impeccable, is the world's furniture, art treasures.
second only to its valuable wood, red sandalwood, rosewood yellow wood because of extremely stable, both summer and winter is not distortion, no crack, bend, there is a certain toughness, suitable for a variety of shaped furniture , such as the three curved legs, a great degree of its bending, but can produce yellow rosewood, and other qualified timber difficult. Yellow rosewood compared with other similar characteristics of wood and confusing, the most important is easy to be confused with the pear pattern rosewood. This pear rosewood grain is the main origin Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Island, some books are known as Hainan rosewood, also known as the Vietnam Tan, Vietnam and neighboring countries due to the growth of the tree.
yellow rosewood color yellow and moist, the heartwood is dark reddish brown or dark brown, with repeated horn texture. The proportion of yellow rosewood lighter than mahogany (ebonylike wood) but also light a number, put in the water was semi-submerged state, that is not entirely missing sink floating on the water. Yellow rosewood texture clear, smooth, very beautiful. The most special is that there are a lot of grain in the wood commonly boil, boil the wood is very smooth without cracking, showing a fox first, the elderly head and the elderly head of hair texture, etc., beautiful, pleasant, that is, people always say \children. \Ming and early Qing furniture mostly for making the high yellow rosewood with the system, that the former over-harvesting and made before the mid-Qing Dynasty sharp decline in pear wood up the verge of extinction, it was later replaced with mahogany. From published data to see the Ming and Qing furniture, rosewood big yellow wood, half a meter wide, two meters long flat head sole plate case, one can see.
yellow rosewood furniture production origin represented in Suzhou, work standards and meticulous working, is a typical Soviet-style furniture. In addition Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Southern Ming and Qing dynasties also produces yellow rosewood furniture, or widely known as widely for furniture, its working a little rough, not as Soviet-style furniture, fine.
pear wood furniture, often because of identification difficulties in three areas. First, with mahogany, regardless. Dark-colored pear, if the use of long years, a bad state of preservation, at first glance and is very like mahogany. In fact, essentially determined that the wood of yellow rosewood small, so small deformation rate, body light and mild. Grasp this point, other problems can be solved; Second, regardless of pear and grass. The emergence of grass pear cut off because of pear wood, as a supplement in the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic appear in the market, in most low-grade hardwood. The wood loose, brown eyes too large, color yellowish brown and dull; and third Xinhuang rosewood, regardless of the new material amount of material than the old yellow rosewood heavy wood with black line over and stiff, too, many grain contrary Xinhuang pretty eye-catching rosewood.
to understand the characteristics of yellow rosewood, on the identification of the material is very important. Such as yellow rosewood strong toughness, not as crisp mahogany. Identification of a carpenter in the construction yellow rosewood and mahogany are very easy, very thin edge in the plane case, only the yellow rosewood can appear similar to the spring as long particle shape, while the mahogany pieces, such as only a slice of shaving, this any one point very clear hardwood carpenter.
These are the identification of the initial stage of yellow rosewood, more importantly, to judge from the modeling, pear furniture popular seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, has set a bit pear furniture, although the ever-changing shape, scholars The Essence is very uniform. Understand the nature of the golden age of Chinese Ming-style furniture, in addition to the physical understanding of yellow rosewood, pear identification becomes very simple.
a long period of time, awareness of the pear furniture into errors that are mostly furniture of Ming Ming pear production. In fact the contrary, the pear is the golden age of furniture production to the Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong that 100 years after Jiaqing almost no production. The reason is the late Ming dynasties Jiajing Wanli, palace furniture, lacquer ware are based. Beautiful paint capture the market for furniture, furniture pear clearly not mainstream. The formation of the Qing style furniture from the court before entering the private, this will take some time, and the people imagine there will be no small gap. Therefore, not only \In fact, most of the old furniture dating techniques refined by making a \
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